1 / 40

Pharaohs of Egypt

Pharaohs of Egypt. A Brief Overview of the Most Famous Pharaohs of Ancient Egypt. Pharaohs. Pharaohs were the kings of Egypt. The word “Pharaoh” was used by the Greeks and Hebrews. The title “Pharaoh” originated from the Greek language and it is used in the Old Testament.

shadow
Télécharger la présentation

Pharaohs of Egypt

An Image/Link below is provided (as is) to download presentation Download Policy: Content on the Website is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use and may not be sold / licensed / shared on other websites without getting consent from its author. Content is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use only. Download presentation by click this link. While downloading, if for some reason you are not able to download a presentation, the publisher may have deleted the file from their server. During download, if you can't get a presentation, the file might be deleted by the publisher.

E N D

Presentation Transcript

  1. Pharaohs of Egypt A Brief Overview of the Most Famous Pharaohs of Ancient Egypt

  2. Pharaohs • Pharaohs were the kings of Egypt. • The word “Pharaoh” was used by the Greeks and Hebrews. • The title “Pharaoh” originated from the Greek language and it is used in the Old Testament. • According to Egyptian legend, the first kings of Egypt were later some of the most famous gods. • All of the Pharaohs we know today existed at the end of the Predynastic period.

  3. Responsibility Of Pharaohs • Pharaohs ruled with absolute power. There were few if any challenged against the King. • Despite absolute power the Pharaoh was expected to rule subject to Ma’at. • Ma’at was the goddess and symbol of the equilibrium of the universe. • The Pharaoh was expected to govern according to the principles of Ma’at. • Any King that attempted to radically change society would be seen as destroying the equilibrium that was so important to Egyptian tradition.

  4. Succession • To keep the pure line of succession, a Pharaoh passed on the throne to the eldest son born of the Principal Queen, or Great Royal Wife. • Each king was usually keen to demonstrate to his subjects that he was the “chosen” heir. • The Pharaoh owned all of the land, people, and possessions in Egypt. • Any personal wealth enjoyed by Egyptians people was considered a result of the generosity of the King.

  5. Major Male Pharaohs • There were several Pharaohs of Egypt. However, we will focus on the main male Pharaohs: • Menes • Tuthmosis III • Akenaton • Djoser • Ramses II • Khufu • Tutankhamen

  6. Menes • Founding King of the 1st Dynasty • Ruled between 3100-2850 B.C.E • First Pharaoh to unify upper and lower Egypt into one Kingdom • Ancient Egypt’s form of a civilization began with King Menes. • He created the city of Memphis because of its location. It would be easy to defend against any attacks. • During his reign he expanded his kingdom and developed commercial trade links.

  7. Menes • His chief wife was Queen Berenib, although she wasn’t the mother of his heir: Djer. • The mother of Djer was Neithotepe, Menes’ other wife. • He died at the age of 63. • According to legend he was attacked by wild dogs or Nile crocodiles at Faiyum. • He died leaving behind the legacy of a powerful civilization. • His tomb lays at Saqqara, the famed area of Memphis.

  8. Djoser • Djoser reigned for about 19 years. • His right hand man, Imhotep, was famous for his genius. • Imhotep came up with the idea of the step pyramid. • The pyramids design consisted of six giant steps and contained many chambers and secret tunnels. • It is believed that during Djoser’s reign, he extended the Egyptian Southern Border all the way to the Nile’s First Cataract. • He left behind the legacy of the step pyramid, which was the basis of all other pyramids to come.

  9. Pyramids of Giza • 3 built by Khufu, Khafre and Menkaure • Khufu’s is known as the ‘Great Pyramid’ • Khufu’s father Snefuru built the ‘Bent Pyramid’ • Khafre is Khufu’s son, some say he also built the ‘Great Sphinx’ • Mekaure built a smaller pyramid with three smaller pyramids for his queens.

  10. Tuthmosis III • The son of Tuthmosis II and Isris • When is father died his stepmother, Hatshepsut, took charge. • She was Tuthmosis III co-regent and for 22 years he was pushed into the background as she ruled Egypt. • When she died Tuthmosis III came to the throne. • As an act of revenge or retribution, he destroyed as many of Hatshepsut's statues, monuments and buildings.

  11. Tuthmosis III • He was remembered for is successful military campaigns, largest empire Egypt had seen • He had numerous victories against Syria, Libya and Nubia. • In his lifetime he married several foreign princesses, apparently for diplomatic reasons. • His chief queen was Hatshepsut-Merytre. • He established Egypt as a powerful military strength. • He died in his 55th year of reigning and was buried in the Valley of the Kings.

  12. Akenaton • Original name was Amonhotep IV. • Reigned 1350-1334 B.C.E • He wanted to change the Egyptian supreme god from Amon-Re to Aton. • Therefore he changed his name to Akhenaton which means “he who serves Aton” • He also built a new city called Akhetaton. • This was the first attempt at radically changing the Egyptian religion.

  13. Akenaton • His wife was Nefertiti who was known for her beauty. • Today, Akhenaton is remembered for trying to introduce monotheism to Egypt. • It is not sure how Akhenaton died but the text two kings, Smenkhkara and Tutankhamen were apparently son’s-in-law to Akhenaton. • After his reign Egypt returned back to their old Gods.

  14. Tutankhamen • King Tutankhamen came to the throne at a very young age. • When his father died, believed to be Akhenaton, he became King at age 10. • King Tutankhamen helped restore Egypt's old beliefs from when his father tried to make Egypt a monotheism society. • He died suddenly at the young age of 18 • Possibly by a blow to the back of his head or an infection of his leg.

  15. Tutankhamen • Since his tomb had not yet been made, he was laid in a tomb of a member of the nobility. • He is famous today because of his tomb found by archaeologists. • Some say it was the most important archaeological find in history • King Tut curse????

  16. Rames II • Went to the throne at the age of 20 and reigned for 66 years. • Seen as the most powerful Pharaoh • Ramses is remembered for constructing many architectural marvels. • Constructed more colossal statues than any other Egyptian King. • Two of his greatest monuments are the two huge temples at Abu Simbel for him and his wife, Nefertari

  17. Ramses II • Ramses also had many military victories. • Not long after the reign of Ramses II, Egypt was invaded and eventually fell to the rule of foreigners. • Ramses not only excelled in architecture but he also had a great number of wives. • By the end of his life Ramses had over 100 children! • After his death Ramses son, Menataph, became the heir to the throne.

  18. Ramses II • Take notes on the Battle of Kadesh • Description of Battle • Importance

  19. Cleopatra • Last Pharaoh of Egypt (51-30 BCE) • Portrayed herself as the reincarnation of Isis • Allied herself with Julius Caesar, disputably had a child together, Caesarean. • After Caesar died, she aligned with Mark Antony in opposition to Caesar Agustus • Had 3 children with Antony, lost Battle of Actium, committed suicide by Asp

More Related