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Africa. Thematic Review. Major Themes. Geography Imperialism Independence/Nationalist Movements Apartheid Tribalism vs. Nationalism Obstacles to Progress. Geography. Know your climate zones Lack of agricultural resources Sub-Saharan Africa dependent on gold & diamonds. Imperialism.
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Africa Thematic Review
Major Themes • Geography • Imperialism • Independence/Nationalist Movements • Apartheid • Tribalism vs. Nationalism • Obstacles to Progress
Geography • Know your climate zones • Lack of agricultural resources • Sub-Saharan Africa dependent on gold & diamonds
Imperialism • “Scramble for Africa” • Berlin Conference • Know all causes/effects
Independence/Nationalist Movements • Negritude Movement • Pan Africanism • Atlantic Charter • Post-WWII destruction in Europe • Kwame Nkrumah • Jomo Kenyatta
Apartheid • 1948 law in INDEPENDENT S. Africa • Unequal distribution of land, power, economic resources • African National Congress • Nelson Mandela • Archbishop Desmond Tutu • Sharpeville, Soweto
Tribalism vs. Nationalism • New countries boundaries follow colonial boundaries • Rwanda – Hutus vs Tutsis • Nigeria – Hausa vs Ibo • S. Africa – post-Apartheid problems of unity • Organization of African Unity
Obstacles to Progress • Overpopulation • Lack of industrialization • Dependence on cash crops • National debt • Political corruption and instability • Desertification • HIV/AIDs Epidemic