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After the War

The League of Nations was established after WWI to promote international cooperation and maintain peace among nations. Its Covenant aimed to settle disputes and reduce armaments, including establishing a World Court in the Netherlands. Despite having representatives from member nations, the U.S. refrained from joining due to fears of entanglement in future wars. Meanwhile, postwar nations like France faced considerable challenges, including urban destruction and economic turmoil. The era was marked by political unrest in various countries, interrupted by attempts at peace through treaties like the Locarno Pact.

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After the War

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  1. After the War

  2. The League of Nations • Covenant of the League of Nations written. • Two Main Parts: • Promote international cooperation • Keep peace among nations by settling disputes and reducing armaments. • World Court (Today in Netherlands). • Representatives from each member nation (1 vote per nation).

  3. The League of Nations (cont.) • Agree  no war. • World Court give out penalties • Including sanctions. • U.S. did not join. • Fear it would lead to war, wanted isolation. • Senate voted against joining. • 42 members met in Geneva Nov. 1920. • By 1940 – 59 nations had joined.

  4. France’s Postwar Problems • Farmland, cities in ruins • Large number of men died • Owed money to U.S. and private citizens • Maginot Line- steel and concrete barrier between FR & GER (very costly)

  5. International affairs • Locarno Pact- 1925 • BEL/CZECH/FR/GER/GB/ IT/POLAND • Would settle all disputes peacefully • Defensive alliances created against GER

  6. Political Unrest • 1934 riots in FR; right-wing (cons.) demand a strong leader who would protect the nation (dictator) • Trade Unions stage a General Strike • Left-wing (liberal) organized the Popular Front (take power in 1936) • Deep divides are created among French people.

  7. Great Britain after WWI • Outdated industrial machines & technology • (compete with US/JAP) • Borrow money to update • Disarmament created unemployment (25%) • Tariffs by other countries made their goods unsellable

  8. Ireland • Ireland controlled by GB – want independence • Easter Rising of 1916 • Sinn Fein Party/Michael Collins (leader) • 2 Irelands: • Southern Catholics (Greens) Irish Free State • Northern Ireland- mainly Protestant/remained part of the United Kingdom • Disagreements continue  discrimination continues

  9. Eastern Europe • Breakup of Austria-Hungary & Russian Empires • Many Austrians want to unite w/GER but it is forbidden • Redistribution of land is not popular with many • Hungary tries to follow Russia’s lead but fails • BUL/ROM/YUGO/POL all fail at democracy and establish military dictatorships or monarchies

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