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Civil Rights Movement: Part I

Civil Rights Movement: Part I. “WE SHALL OVERCOME….”. Civil Rights Movement Begins. Increased television coverage of events during the movement is going to accelerate the movement

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Civil Rights Movement: Part I

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  1. Civil Rights Movement: Part I “WE SHALL OVERCOME….”

  2. Civil Rights Movement Begins • Increased television coverage of events during the movement is going to accelerate the movement • Brown v Board of Education (1954): Court case that overturned the Plessy V. Ferguson/“Separate but Equal” decision. Schools were ordered to integrate but the decision was met with resistance. • Rosa Parks: Montgomery Bus Boycott • Martin Luther King, Jr. was chosen to lead the Civil Rights Movement. He believed in nonviolent passive resistance. Gandhi was his role model • After getting arrested during a protest, MLK Jr. wrote “Letter from a Birmingham Jail” which was considered the most eloquent defense of Civil Rights. • Southern Christian Leadership Conference was set up and led by MLK (1957)

  3. The Sit-In Movement • Student Non-Violent Coordinating Committee: Ella Baker formed this group to organize young adults in the Civil Rights Movement *Students participated in sit-ins at lunch counters to try to integrate them. They remained calm and passive despite verbal and physical attacks by white mobs.

  4. Freedom Riders • Led by James Farmer (CORE) • Groups made up of blacks and whites • Wanted to draw attention to segregation along Interstate highways • White mobs attacked them, especially in Alabama and there was little help • Kennedy decided to get involved and pushed ICC to tighten legislation against segregated bus terminals. • There was a changing composition in the types of people protesting for Civil Rights—more young adults and white people got involved

  5. Kennedy & Civil Rights • Promised he would support Civil Rights in his campaign so most African-Americans voted for him • Used his brother Robert to support Civil Rights Movement in the South. Later, Robert Kennedy will be a contender for President until he is assassinated in 1968. • Federal marshals & army troops to Mississippi to get James Meredith in the University (under federal guard) • After violence in Birmingham, he ordered his aids to prepare a new civil rights bill.

  6. Civil Rights Act of 1964 • JFK decided to push his CRA after George Wallace stopped African Americans from enrolling at the University of Alabama • MLK supported a massive March on Washington: “I have a dream” speech to support Kennedy’s act. • Filibuster was used to slow down bill • Kennedy was assassinated, which worried leaders of CRM • Johnson signed Civil Rights Act of 1964 into law on 7/2/64. *Congress could outlaw segregation in most public places. *Gave citizens equal access to facilities, such as parks & theatres. *Attorney General could sue to force school segregation *Set up Equal Employment Opportunity Commission (EEOC): to oversee ban on job discrimination by race, religion, gender, national origin

  7. Voting Rights Act of 1965 • CRA of 1964 did nothing for the right to vote • 24th Amendment (1964) eliminated poll taxes • SCLC & SNCC increased voter registration drives in the South • Selma March organized (3% of African Americans voted) • Mobs were televised injuring the protesters and it increased the urgency for passing another act for Civil Rights. • Voting Rights Act passed in August of 1965 *got rid of literacy test *federal examiners to register qualified voters

  8. MLK Assassination • April 4, 1968; Memphis, Tennessee • Support striking sanitation workers • Shot while standing on hotel balcony • Touched off riots in more than 100 cities • Congress passed CRA of 1968- banned discrimination in the sale and rental of housing. • Movement continued, but without Dr. King’s vision, or heart.

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