2. Fingerprint Identification • FBI carries 198 million fingerprints on record • Used for unique identification of a person • First gained credibility when used to identify William West, who looked almost physically identical to a man named Will West (another inmate). The guards used fingerprints to successfully differentiate between the two prisoners.

3. Arch Tented Arch Left Loop The 5 Classifications Right Loop Whorl

4. To more closely identify a fingerprint, the ends of the swirls (minutiae) are mapped. • The distances between minutiae are stored using a Euclidean algorithm or what the FBI uses (D9/7 wavelet based system)

5. Enhance the image Compare Rotating image destroys accuracy!! Calculate minutiae distances

6. You might ask……..

7. What does this have to do with Data Structures ??

8. Arch Tented Arch Left Loop Right Loop Whorl

9. Hash( minutiae.value )

10. Hash( minutiae.value )

11. This allows for quick fingerprint identification Some verification is required to check for error (recall fingerprints being rotated)

12. References: • http://www.ccc.de/biometrie/fingerabdruck_kopieren.xml?language=en • http://cryptome.org/gummy.htm • http://www.optel.com.pl/article/english/article.htm • http://cryptome.org/fake-prints.htm • http://computer.howstuffworks.com/fingerprint-scanner6.htm • http://biometrics.cse.msu.edu/fingerprint.html • http://www.crimtrac.gov.au/fingerprintanalysis.htm • http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fingerprint • http://www.nist.gov/srd/fing_img.htm • http://www.barcode.ro/tutorials/biometrics/fingerprint.html • http://www.fingerprints.tk/ • http://www.fbi.gov/lawenforce.htm • http://engr.smu.edu/~rewini/ • http://fingerprint.nist.gov/NFIS/ • http://www.communitycenter.dsu.edu/biometrics/PROSECTION%20fingerprint.jpg