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Understanding Community Interactions: Food Chains, Diets, and Energy Flow

Explore the intricate relationships within ecological communities, focusing on food chains, webs, and diets of living organisms. Learn about the roles of herbivores, carnivores, and omnivores in these systems, as well as the vital importance of producers and decomposers. Understand how energy flows through different trophic levels and the impact of the first and second laws of thermodynamics on ecological interactions. Engage with critical questions regarding examples of each dietary group and the consequences of eliminating decomposers from the ecosystem.

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Understanding Community Interactions: Food Chains, Diets, and Energy Flow

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  1. Basic EcologyCommunity InteractionsTopics *1011 *1012 *1019 Ms. Morris

  2. Interactions Within a Community • Food Chains – Food “links” between living organisms in a community • Food Webs – Intertwined food chains

  3. Food Chain Image: www.cas.psu.edu

  4. Food Web Image: www.bigelow.org

  5. Diets • Herbivore – Only eat vegetative material • Deer, cattle, rabbits • Carnivore – Only eat meat material • Lions, wolves, cats • Omnivore – Eats both meat and vegetative material • Bears, pigs, humans

  6. Herbivore Carnivore Omnivore Images: en.wikipedia.org

  7. What do teeth have to do with it?

  8. Herbivore Image: www.skullsite.co.uk Female Red Deer - Cervus elaphus

  9. Omnivore Image: www.skullsite.co.uk Kinkajou - Potos flavus

  10. Image: www.skullsite.co.uk Carnivore Cougar – Felis concolor

  11. Interactions Within a Community • Producers – Photosynthetic organisms – meaning? • Autotrophs • ALL PLANTS!! • Not fungi (mushrooms) • Consumers – Rely on producers or another consumer for food • Heterotrophs • Different levels • Primary • Secondary • Tertiary

  12. Interactions Within a Community • Decomposers – Break down dead organic matter • Not only feeds them, but releases nutrients into the environment to start cycle again • Fungi (mushrooms) • Maggots • Worms

  13. What’s missing on this diagram? Where do they fit in? Image: www.anselm.edu

  14. Energy Flow • 1st Law of Thermodynamics – Energy can be neither created or destroyed • 2nd Law of Thermodynamics – When energy is converted from one form to another, energy is always lost (used)

  15. Image: www.mhhe.com Less energy available to each trophic level

  16. Why is energy lost at each level?

  17. BiomassHow much matter does it take to feed each species Image: www.bbc.co.uk

  18. Questions • Give two NEW (don’t use the ones I gave) examples of each: • Herbivore • Carnivore • Omnivore • Explain what would happen if there were no decomposers on Earth • What happens to energy at each tropic level? • Turn in to Ms. Morris by the end of the day (10 Points)

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