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Astronomy

Astronomy. Chapter 1: Earth in Space. Astronomy. Study of moon, stars, and objects in space Not “astrology”. The Big Bang Theory. the universe was created between 10 billion and 20 billion years ago explosion that hurled matter and in all directions.

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Astronomy

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  1. Astronomy Chapter 1: Earth in Space

  2. Astronomy • Study of moon, stars, and objects in space • Not “astrology”

  3. The Big Bang Theory • the universe was created between 10 billion and 20 billion years ago • explosion that hurled matter and in all directions. • 1927, Georges Lemaître and Edwin Hubble • 1964 by Arno Penzias and Robert Wilson

  4. Movements of the Earth • Rotation is equal to 24 hours • Axis – imaginary line that passes through the earth’s center. Points to the North Star. • Rotation – Earth’s spinning on its axis in an eastward direction. • creates day and night

  5. Movements of Earth

  6. 2. Revolution • Movement of Earth around the sun. • Creates a year of time. • Ellipse – shape of the orbit • The earth is not always the same distance from the sun.

  7. What causes the seasons? • The tilt of the Earth, not the rotation around the sun. • Axis is tilted 23.5 degrees

  8. Summer Solstice • June 21 or 22 • Longest day length in Northern Hemisphere • Shortest day length in Southern Hemisphere.

  9. Fall Equinox • September 22 or 23 • Equal hours of day and night • Suns rays directly at the equator

  10. Winter Solstice • December 21 or 22 • Northern Hemesphere – shortest day light hours • Southern Hemesphere – longest day length

  11. Spring Equinox (Vernal) • March 21 or 22 • Equal day and night hours

  12. Section 2: Phases, Eclipses, Tides • Earth – Moon System • Average Earth- Moon distance = 240,000 miles • Average distance of sun-Earth = 93,000,000 miles • Earth’s Diameter = 8,000 miles • Moon’s Diameter = 2,000 miles • Earth is 4x the size of the moon

  13. If 1” = 2,000 miles • Earth will be 10 feet away from the moon • Earth-Moon system will be ¾ mile away from the sun.

  14. Physical Properties of Moon • Weak gravity • No atmosphere • Highlands – light areas, light rock • Maria – dark patches, smooth, dark lava • Craters – 4 billion years old

  15. Giant Impact Hypothesis • Mars sized body hit the Earth about 4 billion years ago • Fragments from the collision joined to form the moon • Surface covered by hot molten rock

  16. Movements of the moon • Moon rise and sets 50 minutes later each night • Rotation: 27.3 days • Revolution around the Earth – 27.3 days • Rotation on Earth’s

  17. Phases of the moon – Caused by the position of the Earth, moon, and sun Animation of phases

  18. 2 Main phases of the moon • Waning – Moon getting smaller, less lit up • Waxing – Moon appears to get larger, more lit up

  19. Eclipses: Solar Eclipse: When moon’s shadow hits Earth Umbra: total Penumbra - partial

  20. Lunar Eclipse: Earth’s shadow hits the moon

  21. Tides: • Occur due to differences in how much the moon pulls on different parts of Earth.

  22. Spring Tide • Takes place during new or full moon – Gravity of sun/moon pull in the dame direction • Causes a greater difference between High and Low tide

  23. Neap Tide • Least difference between High and Low tide

  24. Intertidal Zone • Under water at high tide and dry during low tide.

  25. Rockets and Satellites • Artificial Satellites: any artificial object that orbits around the Earth: • Comminications, navigation, collecting weather information, data, research, relay TV signals.

  26. Satellite : ex. Space Stations • 1973 – skylab • 1986 – Mir • Today – international space station

  27. Space Shuttles • 1970’s • reusable

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