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The Progressive Era

The Progressive Era. Objective: Identify progressive effort to reform state government, protect workers and reform elections. The Origins of Progressivism. Four Goals of Progressivism Protecting Social Welfare Promoting Moral Improvement Creating Economic Reform Fostering Efficiency.

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The Progressive Era

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  1. The Progressive Era

  2. Objective: Identify progressive effort to reform state government, protect workers and reform elections

  3. The Origins of Progressivism • Four Goals of Progressivism • Protecting Social Welfare • Promoting Moral Improvement • Creating Economic Reform • Fostering Efficiency

  4. Protecting Social Welfare • The social gospel movement and settlement house movements aimed to help the poor. • YMCA, Salvation Army • Florence Kelley- advocate for improving the lives of women and children

  5. Promoting Moral Improvement • Prohibition- the banning of alcoholic beverages • Many reformers felt that alcohol was undermining American Morals

  6. Creating Economic Reform • Muckrakers- Journalists who wrote about the corrupt side of business and public life

  7. Fostering Efficiency • Many reformers wanted to create an efficient workplace. Factories began to break manufacturing tasks into simpler tasks.

  8. Reform at the State Level • Reform Governors- Robert M. La Follette, Governor of Wisconsin who regulated big business. • Reformers worked to protect children workers. (Child Labor Committee)

  9. Reforming Elections • Initiative- a bill originated by the people • Referendum- voting on the initiative • Recall- enables voters to remove public officials and force them to face another election. • 17th Amendment- Direct Election of Senators

  10. Women in Public Life • Objective: Describe the growing presence of women in the workforce at the turn of the 20th century.

  11. Women in the Workforce • Before the Civil War most women worked in the home. • After the Civil War the only families that could afford to have the women stay home were middle and upper class families. • Women will begin to work on the farm and in the factories

  12. Women Lead Reform • Many women begin attending women colleges. This gives women another alternative to marriage. They can now provide for themselves.

  13. Women and Reform • NACW- National Association of Colored Women- Managed nurseries, reading rooms and kindergartens • Susan B. Anthony • Leader of women’s suffrage (the right to vote) • Founded the NAWSA- National American Women’s Suffrage Association

  14. Teddy Roosevelt’s Square Deal • Objective: Explain how Roosevelt used the power of the presidency to regulate business.

  15. Teddy Roosevelt • Born into a wealthy New York family • Enjoyed hunting and horseback riding • Led the Cavalry Brigade (Rough Riders) in the battle of San Juan Hill in Cuba, during the Spanish American War.

  16. Teddy Continued • Returned from war a hero- Soon became governor of New York and later Vice-President. • Becomes President McKinley’s vice president. • McKinley is assassinated six months into his second term.

  17. President Teddy • Becomes the youngest president at age 42. • Exuberant President • On any given day he would participate in a Boxing match, ride over 100 miles on horseback- just to prove he could do it.

  18. President Teddy Cont. • Claimed federal responsibility for social welfare. • Would see to it that the American people received a “Square Deal” • Used this term to describe Roosevelt’s various reforms.

  19. President Teddy Cont. • Trustbusting- Roosevelt will begin to break up trusts by enforcing the Sherman Antitrust Act. • Regulation- Roosevelt wanted federal regulation on Business (Railroads) • Meat Inspection Act- Passed in response to Upton Sinclair’s “The Jungle”. Required strict cleanliness for meatpackers. • Pure food and Drug Act- halted the sale of contaminated food.

  20. Teddy the Conservationist • Began setting land aside for National Parks, he believed in conserving our land.

  21. Roosevelt and Civil Rights • President Roosevelt will fail to support civil rights for African Americans • He will support several African American individuals. • Invited Booker T. Washington to dinner at the White House.

  22. Civil Rights • NAACP- National Association for the Advancement of Colored People. Led by Booker T. Washington (who also founded Tuskegee Institute- college) • Aimed for full equality among races. • W.E.B. Du Bois- focused on political action to push civil rights, disagreed with Washington

  23. Progressivism Under Taft • Taft Becomes President • Roosevelt decided not to run again • Roosevelt hand picked William Howard Taft • Democrats nominate William Jennings Bryan for the third time. • Taft and the Republicans won easily

  24. Republican Party Splits • Conservative Side- did not want reforms or change in the government • Progressive side- sought change and reforms

  25. Bull Moose Party • Roosevelt • Went to Africa after presidency • Returned in 1910 to a large group of supporters • By 1912 he decided to run for president again

  26. 1912 Republican Convention • Republicans split between nominating Taft or Roosevelt • The progressive Republicans decided to form their own party: The Progressive Party and nominate Theodore Roosevelt Bull Moose Party

  27. Election of 1912 • Woodrow Wilson- Democratic Candidate • Theodore Roosevelt-Progressive Candidate • William Taft- Republican Candidate • Eugene Debs- Socialist Candidate

  28. Election Continued • Because the Republican party split they also split the vote. • Woodrow Wilson Wins the 1912 Presidential Election. • The reform candidates (Wilson, Roosevelt, Debs) held 75% of the vote

  29. Wilson’s New Freedom • Woodrow Wilson • Spent youth in the south during the Civil War. • Son of a Presbyterian Minister • Worked as a lawyer, history professor, and president of Princeton University.

  30. Wilson’s “New Freedom” • Clayton Antitrust Act (1914) • Passed to strengthen the Sherman Antitrust Act. • Prohibited corporations from buying the stock of another corporation if it would create a monopoly

  31. Wilson “New Freedom” • Federal Trade Commission(FTC) • Set up by the Federal Trade Commission Act in 1914 • Set up to be a “watchdog” over corporations that they were not doing anything illegal.

  32. Wilson Cont. • Federal Reserve System • Set up by the Federal Reserve Act of 1913 • Created a national banking system • Controlled the U.S. money supply and the availability of credit in the country.

  33. Women Win Suffrage • Through hard work by many women suffragists, including Susan B. Anthony, and Carrie Chapman Catt women gain the right to vote. • 19th Amendment (1919) • Ratified in 1920(72 years after women first demanded the right to vote.)

  34. Wilson and Civil Rights • During Campaign Wilson gained the support of the NAACP • Once in office he ignored civil rights and even opposed anti-lynching laws

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