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The Cell Division Process: A Detailed Exploration

Dive into the cell division process with this comprehensive guide covering stages from interphase to cytokinesis. Learn about mitosis, chromosomes, DNA replication, and more. Perfect for science enthusiasts and students.

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The Cell Division Process: A Detailed Exploration

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  1. Chapter 4 Section 3Get book and Open topage 124

  2. Anticipatory Set

  3. Cell Division Big Idea

  4. California Standards Science Standard 7.1.e: Cells divide to increase their numbers through a process of mitosis, which results in two daughter cells with identical sets of chromosomes. Science Standard 7.2.e: DNA is the genetic material of living organisms and is located in the chromosomes of each cell. Paraphrase: • Cells divide and make identical copies of themselves.

  5. Input • Cell cycle: the regular sequence of growth that cells undergo • Interphase: The first stage of the cell cycle(usually last the longest) • replication: the process in which cells make exact copies of the DNA and nucleus • Mitosis: The second stage of the cell cycle • chromosomes: Double rod structures that are created during prophase • cytokinesis: The final stage of the cell cycle

  6. Input Stage 1: Interphase • Growing- • Cell grows to its full size and produces structures it needs • Ex: cell makes new ribosomes and produces enzymes; copies are made of both mitochondria and chloroplasts. • Copying DNA- • The cell makes an exact copy of the DNA in it’s nucleus (replication) • The chromatin appears as dense mass within a clearly defined nucleus. • At the end of DNA replication, the cell contains two identical sets of DNA. • Preparing of Division- • Cells produce structures that it will need to divide into two new cells. • At the end of Interphase the cell in ready to divide.

  7. Input Stage 2: Mitosis • The stage during which the cell’s nucleus divides into two nuclei. • During Mitosis on copy of the DNA is distributed into each of the two daughter cells. • Scientists divide Mitosis into four PHASES: PROPHASE, METAPHASE, ANAPHASE, AND TELOPHASE

  8. Input Stage 2: Mitosis • Prophase- • Chromatin in the nucleus condenses to form chromosomes. • The pairs of centrioles move to opposite sides of the nucleus. • Spindle fibers form a bridge between the ends of the cell. • The nuclear envelope breaks down. • Metaphase- • The chromosomes line up across the center of each cell. • Each chromosome attaches to a spindle fiber at its centromere.

  9. Input Stage 2: Mitosis • Anaphase- • The centromes split • The Two chromatids separate, and each new chromatid becomes a new chromosome. • The new chromosomes move to the opposite ends of the cell. • The cell stretches out as the opposite ends are pushed apart • Telophase- • The chromosomes begin to stretch out and lose their rod like appearance. • A new nuclear is forms around each region of chromosomes. • The DNA is once again separated from the cytoplasm by a membrane.

  10. Input Stage 3: Cytokinesis • The cytoplasm divides. The organelles are distributed into each of the two new cells. • Usually starts about the same time as telophase. • When Cytokinesis is complete, two new cells, or daughter cells, have formed. • Each daughter cell has the SAME number of chromosomes as the original parent cell. • At the end of cytokinesis , each cell enters interphase, and the cycle begins again.

  11. Finish the Front of Notes on your own • Across Disciplines: Math • Patterns: Draw a picture of the stage • Question: Write a question and answer it. • Different Perspectives: The differences in cell division from an animal cell and plant cell • Summary: Write a summary of what you have learned.

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