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Basic Service & Settings

This guide covers the essential practices for installing and configuring services in Unix-like operating systems. It discusses the installation process via packages, ports, or tarballs, and explains how to configure services using specified configuration files located in `/usr/local/etc`. Important topics include managing configuration files for various programs, understanding naming conventions, utilizing rc scripts for service management, and checking dependencies. Detailed examples, best practices, and practical tips are provided for successful service deployment and maintenance.

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Basic Service & Settings

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  1. Basic Service & Settings pmli

  2. Basic Service e.g. http, ftp, etc.

  3. Most Common Flow • Install • Package, ports and tar-ball • Configuration • Program specified config file • rc.conf • Startup • Maintenance after installation of a service rc.conf: used for booting process

  4. Configuration Files (1/3) • Local-installed programs’ configuration files can be found in /usr/local/etc • Daemon → program-name.conf • dhcpd.conf • user-program → program-namerc • wgetrc • tinrc • Default config file usually installed with .sample or .default suffix • dhcpd.conf.sample or different suffix for different purpose • php.ini-dist • php.ini-recommended copy before use it Location of files And naming convention We got sample files accompanied!

  5. Configuration Files (2/3) • A program with many config files are usually located in /usr/local/etc/program-name/ • apach22 • postfix • Most config files have clear comment at the beginning or before each description • Most popular styles • name <space>value • name = value Read documents to know each option’s meaning Put into dir. if more than one file Example: proftpd.conf # Port 21 is the standard FTP port. Port 21 # To prevent DoS attacks, set the maximum # number of child processes to 30. ….. MaxInstances 30 Configuration files with comments inside and consistent naming convention

  6. Configuration Files (3/3) • Some with local effectiveness • Markup language-like <directory /path>setting-for-this-path…</direction> • Samba、rsync [xxxx] settings… [yyyy] settings…. Settings for specific conditions…

  7. RC Script Scripts for starting/stopping a service

  8. RC Script Automatically starting and… Dependency!! Dependency!! Dependency!! • Dependency between each service is described in header of the script • Rcorder is used to find out dependency ordering of each script • Each rc script define what to do when start/stop … • /etc/rc.subr defines what to do & check before/after start stop ….

  9. How to use rc script(1/2) Usage of RC script on a service: Take ntpd as an example • Example ntpd >/etc/rc.d/ntpd Usage: /etc/rc.d/ntpd [fast|force|one](start|stop|restart|rcvar|status|poll) • After booting… (rc.conf) • Pidfile: Record (master) process id of the service • Start / Stop / Restart (Start after stop) • Rcvar • Display which rc.conf variable are used to control the startup of service • Ex: ntpd_enable=“YES” Display settings in rc.conf – you can’t start a service without setting Enable to “YES”

  10. How to use rc script(2/2) • Status • Check the service is running or not • Reload • Reload configuration file if the service support • [One | fast | force] • One • set rcvar = yes • Start the service even if XXXX_enable=NO • Force • Set rcvar = yes and • Fast • Skip pid check Force a service to run…(skip rc.conf check) (skip pid check)

  11. Local installed service • After install a service by ports, ports will display • This port has installed the following startup scripts which may cause • these network services to be started at boot time. • /usr/local/etc/rc.d/pure-ftpd • Use path-to-rcscript rcvar command to know which variable should set to “YES” to enable this service • For further information, read comments from that script • # Add the following lines to /etc/rc.conf to enable pure-ftpd: • # • # pureftpd_enable="YES" • # • # For launch uploadscript daemon define • # pureftpd_upload_enable="YES" • # pureftpd_uploadscript="/full/path/to/launch_script"

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