Chapter 6 Section 3

1. Chapter 6 Section 3 The Presidency of Thomas Jefferson

2. The Revolution of 1800 • GW and JA were too much like kings • TJ would be less formal • Horseback instead of carriages • Circular tables • Didn’t overturn all Federalist policies • “We are all Republicans. We are all Federalists.” • Wanted to integrate D-R thought • Small government beliefs • Began paying off federal debt • Cut the whiskey tax • Cut government spending • Relied on local militia rather than standing army

3. The rise of the supreme court • Judiciary Act of 1801 • 16 new federal judges • Who would appoint these new judges? • Adams appointed 16, all feds., before he was out of office. • The “Midnight Judges” • TJ repealed, and then D-Rs started impeaching • What does the Constitution say about what federal judges can be impeached for? • “treason, bribery, or other high crimes and misdemeanors” • Senate did not convict, meaning that the govt. can’t impeach just because they don’t agree • Precedent

4. Marbury v. Madison • J. Adams and J. Marshall (Chief Justice) • 34 year reign • Marbury vs. Madison • William Marbury (F), new justice • Papers signed (by Adams), but not processed • New Sec. of State, James Madison (D-R) • They hoped W.M. would quit, instead he sued • Supreme Court must decide • They decided not to decide • No jurisdiction (Const. says what kind of cases are taken to SC, and this wasn’t one of them) • What Marbury was asking them to do was Unconstitutional • Established “Judicial Review” (the power to decide whether laws passed by Congress were constitutional and to strike down those laws that were not)

5. The Rise of the Supreme Court How did Marbury v. Madison increase the strength of the Supreme Court? The ruling in Marbury v. Madison strengthened the Supreme Court because it asserted the Court’s right of judicial review–the power to decide whether laws passed by Congress were constitutional and to strike down laws that were not. (pages 222–223) Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the answer.

6. More Westward Expansion • 1800 – who is in charge in France? • Napoleon Bonaparte (LA to France for helping Spain take part of Italy) • 1803 – what was N.B. trying to do in Europe? • TAKE IT OVER! • Needed $ • Offered to sell LA to U.S.A. • Jefferson’s thoughts? • Conflicted – land ownership vs. enumerated powers • $15 Million • “The Louisiana Purchase”

7. Lewis and clark Secret exploratory expedition Route to Pacific TJ chose Meriwether Lewis and William Clark to lead Accomplishments Increased knowledge Curiosity/wonder Oregon territory

8. Sacagawea • Served as guide and interpreter • Knowledge of herbs enabled her to act as a nurse • Persuaded Native Americans to help supply the expedition Lewis and Clark said: “Our journey would have ended in failure without her aid.”

9. Aaron burr Ran for governor of NY – 1804 Hamilton – “He’s a dangerous man, and one who ought not be trusted with the reins of government.” Burr, offended, challenged him to a duel NJ Hamilton couldn’t fire And he wound up dead Burr fled New VP, George Clinton

10. International problems Burr, replaced by George Clinton Britain seized French ships This, at 1st, benefited us GB – all ships going to Europe need British licenses Napoleon – merchants who obeyed GB’s system would have their goods confiscated We were caught in the middle British began seizing American sailors & forcing them into service

11. Economic diplomacy fails Calls for war TJ’s thoughts? Asked Congress to pass Embargo Act of 1807 – banned all trade b/w U.S. and Europe Results Northeast? Farmers in the south and west? Demand way down Repealed – 3/09