1. The Coastal Zone Community of Practice of the Group on Earth Observations: Servicing the Coastal Zone with Earth Observations Hans-Peter Plag (1), Paul DiGiacomo (2), Jimmy Adegoke (3) (1) Climate Change and Sea Level Rise Initiative Old Dominion University, Norfolk, VA, USA (2) Satellite Oceanography and Climatology Division (SOCD) NOAA/NESDIS Center for Satellite Applications and Research (STAR) College Park, MD, USA (3) Department of Geosciences University of Missouri, Kansas City, MO, USA 1

2. The Group on Earth Observations (GEO) Ad hoc GEO established in 2003 by G8 after Sustainable Development (2002, Johannesburg); Mandat: Develop an Implementation Plan for a coodinated Earth observation system; After eighteen months and many meetings (including 2 Summits on EO): 10 Year Implementation Plan for the Global Earth Observation System of Systems (GEOSS) was available. Vision: A future where decisions are informed by Earth observations GEO established at the EO Summit in February 2005 in Brussels One major objective: Establish a coordinated and sustained GEOSS to enhance informed decision making in nine Societal Benefit Areas Participation: By now ~90 Member Countries and >60 Participating Organizations Implementation: Plenary, Executive Committee, Implementation Boards, Work Plan, Task Teams, Communities of Practice HighprioritiesGEOSSare services that enable access to environmental intelligence for decision makers.

3. The Coastal Zone Community of Practice (CZCP) supports the Group on Earth Observations (GEO) in its goal to provide timely observations informing decisions concerning the coastal zone. High priorities for the CZCP related to the Global Earth Observing System of System (GEOSS) are improved forecasts of sea-level rise and the associated increase in frequency and extent of coastal inundation, which may be exacerbated by an increase in the frequency of extreme weather, as well as changes in water quality and ecosystem health and productivity. Sustainable development of the coastal zone is one of the frontlines in humanity's sustainability crisis (Motivated by Glavocic, 2013: “The coast is the 'frontline' of humanity's struggle for sustainability”) 3

4. The CZCP brings together experts in an effort to support integrated coastal zone management through utilization of Earth observations and derived products. The CZCP focuses both on research and practical applications related to coastal zone management. It interacts directly with a number of GEO Participating Organizations and the Societal Benefits Implementation Board of GEO. 4

5. In the past, oneofthemainactivitiesoftheCZCP was organizing aseriesofRegionalWorkshopstitled: “GEOSS Support for Decision-Making in the Coastal Zone: Managing and Mitigating the Impacts of Human Activities and Natural Hazards in the Coastal Zone.” Three workshops were organized focusing on the Mediterranean, Africa and the Caribbean. These regional workshops: - emphasized importanceofunderstandingandlinkingtodecisionmakers, - underlined the need ofcapacityretentioninadditiontocapacitybuilding, - and identified user needs for accesstocomprehensiveenvironmentalcoastalzoneinformation. 5

6. The first regional workshop focused on the Mediterranean and was held in June 2008 in Athens, Greece, with participants from Europe, Africa, and America. The workshop emphasized the importance of understanding and linking to decision makers, and produced a set of conclusions and recommendations, which are available at the CZCP web page 6

7. The second regional workshop focusing on West Africa was held in Cotonou, Benin, in conjunction with a United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organisation (UNESCO)/International Hydrological Programme (IHP) Workshop on water and climate. The importance of capacity retention in addition to capacity building was emphasized, and the importance of bridging the gap between science and governance was reiterated. 7

8. Beyond “Capacity Building”: During the workshop, a growing dissatisfaction in Africa with the term “capacity building” and the perceived slow pace of progress was reported. It was suggested to plan in terms of: - Capacity retention: prevent existing infrastructure, individuals, and know-how from disappearing; - Capacity sustainability: the need for institutional and infrastructure longevity; and - Capacity empowerment: the need to make enhanced use of capacities that already exist. 8

9. The third regional workshop took place 9-11 March 2011 in Puerto Rico: “Earth observation support for sustainable tourism in small island states”: Conclusion: Many stakeholders have information needs that are not met Recommendation: Establish a Coastal Information System 9

10. Other CZCP activities include: • populating the GEOSS User Requirements Registry (https://urr.ccpo.odu.edu/urr); • support for relevant GEO Work Plan Tasks, in particular “Blue Ocean” task; • working with other observing programs related to coastal zones; • facilitating data sharing and access; • building of capacity; • address funding issues. The focus of the CZCP has now shifted to services that provide information on the coastal zone. 10

11. Support for GEO Task “Ocean and Society: Blue Planet”: The CZCP will be: - facilitating monitoring services for coastal ecosystems including * mangroves, * coral reefs, and * estuaries; - engage in the development of globally available cyberinfrastructure for a Global Coastal Zone Information System (GCZIS), which initially will be populated for a small number of study cases; - support the development of demonstrators for a coastal water quality service; - initiate a decadal sea level forecasting services; - demonstrate in a regional pilot project the value added of an end-to-end system of systems for the coastal zone; - update the user needs related to integrated coastal zone management that are captured in the GEOSS User Requirement Registry (URR).

12. Capacity building through cyberinfrastructure: Global Coastal Zone Information System (GCZIS): - information on environmental, social and economic state of the CZ; - access to science, technology, and innovation knowledge; - crowd-sourcing tool, including real-time information on hazards and issues; - democratizing of data, information, knowledge; - virtual stakeholder table (VST); - support for deliberative governance; - disaster risk reduction; - increased resilience, adaptive capabilities. Populated with selected study cases: - U.S. East Coast; - Caribbean; - West Africa (?) 12