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FEMALE REPRODUCTIVE ANATOMY

FEMALE REPRODUCTIVE ANATOMY. The vulva refers to those parts that are outwardly visible The vulva includes: Mons pubis Labia majora Labia minora Clitoris Urethral opening Vaginal opening Perineum. Individual differences in: Size Coloration Shape Of external gentalia are common.

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FEMALE REPRODUCTIVE ANATOMY

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  1. FEMALE REPRODUCTIVE ANATOMY

  2. The vulva refers to those parts that are outwardly visible The vulva includes: Mons pubis Labia majora Labia minora Clitoris Urethral opening Vaginal opening Perineum Individual differences in: Size Coloration Shape Of external gentalia are common EXTERNAL GENTILIA

  3. MONS PUBIS • The triangular mound of fatty tissue that covers the pubic bone • It protects the pubic symphysis • During adolescence sex hormones trigger the growth of pubic hair on the mons pubis • Hair varies in coarseness curliness, amount, color and thickness

  4. LABIA MAJORA • Referred to as the outer lips • They have a darker pigmentation • The Labia Majora: • Protect the introitus and urethral openings • Are covered with hair and sebaceous glands • Tend to be smooth, moist, and hairless • Become flaccid with age and after childbirth

  5. LABIA MINORA • Referred to as the “inner lips” • Made up of erectile, connective tissue that darkens and swells during sexual arousal • Located inside the labia majora • They are more sensitive and responsive to touch than the labia majora • The labia minora tightens during intercourse UNIT 3: FEMALE REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM

  6. CLITORIS • Highly sensitive organ composed of nerves, blood vessels, and erectile tissue • Located under the prepuce • It is made up of a shaft and a glans • Becomes engorged with blood during sexual stimulation • Key to sexual pleasure for most women • Urethral opening is located directly below clitoris

  7. FEMALE

  8. VAGINAL OPENINGINTROITUS • Opening may be covered by a thin sheath called the hymen • Using the presence of an intact hymen for determining virginity is erroneous • Some women are born without hymens • The hymen can be perforated by many different events

  9. Types of Hymens • 1-Microperforate hymen: A microperforate hymen is a thin membrane that almost completely covers the opening to a young women's vagina. The treatment is minor surgery to remove the extra hymenal tissue making a normal sized opening for menstrual blood to flow out.  

  10. 2-Septate hymen: A septate hymen is when the thin hymenal membrane has a band of extra tissue in the middle that causes two small vaginal openings instead of one. • 3-Imperforate hymen: An imperforate hymen can be diagnosed at birth. Rarely, the diagnosis isn't made until the teen years. An imperforate hymen is a thin membrane that completely covers the opening to the vagina. Menstrual blood cannot flow out of the vagina. Hydroclopos - Haematocolopos

  11. 4-annular hymen: annular hymen, most common hymen variety. this type in 70% of women the hymen. annular hymen is  in the entrance of the vagina.the hole in the middle of the hymen is very large.

  12. 7-Cribriform hymen it is very rare situation. there is more than one hole in the middle of the hymen. the hymen is not torn in the first sexual intercourse.need surgical intervention by a doctor. the hymen looks like a lace. 8-Crescentric hymen looks like  half moon. hymen torn difficult 5-Fimbriated hymen 6-Elastic hymen:does not tear except in labour

  13. UNIT 3: FEMALE REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM

  14. UNIT 3: FEMALE REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM

  15. PERINEUM • The muscle and tissue located between the vaginal opening and anal canal • It supports and surrounds the lower parts of the urinary and digestive tracts • The perinium contains an abundance of nerve endings that make it sensitive to touch • An episiotomy is an incision of the perinium used during childbirth for widening the vaginal opening

  16. INTERNAL GENITALIA • The internal genitalia consists of the: • Vagina • Cervix • Uterus • Fallopian Tubes • Ovaries

  17. VAGINA • The vagina connects the cervix to the external genitals • It is located between the bladder and rectum • It functions : • As a passageway for the menstrual flow • For uterine secretions to pass down through the introitus • As the birth canal during labor • With the help of two Bartholin’s glands becomes lubricated during SI

  18. CERVIX • The cervix connects the uterus to the vagina • The cervical opening to the vagina is small • This acts as a safety precaution against foreign bodies entering the uterus • During childbirth, the cervix dilates to accommodate the passage of the fetus • This dilation is a sign that labor has begun

  19. PERINEUM

  20. UTERUS • Commonly referred to as the womb • A pear shaped organ about the size of a clenched fist • It is made up of the endometrium, myometrium and perimetrium • Consists of blood-enriched tissue that sloughs off each month during menstrual cycle • The powerful muscles of the uterus expand to accommodate a growing fetus and push it through the birth canal

  21. OVIDUCTS

  22. FALLOPIAN TUBES • Serve as a pathway for the ovum to the uterus • Are the site of fertilization by the male sperm • Often referred to as the oviducts or uterine tubes • Fertilized egg takes approximately 6 to 10 days to travel through the fallopian tube to implant in the uterine lining

  23. OVARIES • The female gonads or sex glands • They develop and expel an ovum each month • A woman is born with approximately 400,000 immature eggs called follicles • During a lifetime a woman release @ 400 to 500 fully matured eggs for fertilization • The follicles in the ovaries produce the female sex hormones, progesterone and estrogen • These hormones prepare the uterus for implantation of the fertilized egg

  24. Menarch, the onset of menstruation signals the bodily changes that transform a female body Average age is 12.8 Amount of bleeding varies from woman to woman Expulsion of blood clots Blood color can vary from bright red to dark maroon Usually occurs every 25 to 32 days Women can experience fluid retention, cramping, mood swings, weight gain, breast tenderness, diarrhea, and constipation MENSTRUATION

  25. UNIT 3: FEMALE REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM

  26. PITUITARY HORMONES

  27. FOLLICLE DEVELOPMENT

  28. OVULATION

  29. OVARIAN HORMONES

  30. Follicle stimulating hormone FHS- Luteinizing hormone LH-signals ovulation Estrogen-produced throughout the menstrual cycle Progesterone-produced during second half of cycle Contributes to thickening of the endometrium which is shed during menstrual phase if fertilization does not take place Both FHS and LH are produced in the pituitary gland Both estrogen and progesterone are produced by the follicles in the ovaries SEX HORMONES

  31. DYSMENORRHEA • Painful menstrual cramps • Painful menses without evidence of a physical abnormality • Believed to be normal body response to uterine contractions • Other symptoms : • Nausea, vomiting, gastrointestinal disturbances, and fainting • Prostaglandins cause forceful, frequent uterine contractions called cramps • Fibroids, polyps, IUD, PID, or endometriosis

  32. ENDOMETRIOSIS • Common cause of dysmennorrhea, dyspareunia, and infertility • Endometrium fragments and lodges in other parts of the pelvic cavity • Causes inflammation, bleeding, scarring,and adhesions • Causes are still being studied • Treated through hormonal therapy, laparoscopic surgery, or major surgical management

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