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Performance of CMAQ for Inorganic Aerosol Compounds in Greater Tokyo

Performance of CMAQ for Inorganic Aerosol Compounds in Greater Tokyo. Hiroshi HAYAMI Central Research Institute of Electric Power Industry and Tatsuya SAKURAI Tokyo University of Science. Acknowledgements. National Institute of Environmental Studies Shinji Kobayashi and Shinji Wakamatsu

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Performance of CMAQ for Inorganic Aerosol Compounds in Greater Tokyo

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  1. Performance of CMAQ forInorganic Aerosol Compounds in Greater Tokyo Hiroshi HAYAMI Central Research Institute of Electric Power Industry and Tatsuya SAKURAI Tokyo University of Science

  2. Acknowledgements • National Institute of Environmental Studies • Shinji Kobayashi and Shinji Wakamatsu • Japan Clean Air Program of Petroleum Energy Center • Tazuko Morikawa • Institute of Behavioral Sciences • Akiyoshi Kan-nari and Tsuyoshi Baba • Fujitsu FIP Corp. • Noritaka Furuhashi, Izumi Ikeuchi and Hisashi Tashiro

  3. Aerosol pollution in G.Tokyo • PM mass averages • SPM* by beta gauge ~ 40 µg m-3 • >40 % stations violated the standard in the 1990s • PM2.5 by TEOM ~ 25-30 µg m-3 > US std. • high in early summer and early winter • Composition of SPM • carbon(EC/OC) ~ 30 % • inorganic species ~ 30 % *SPM: PM with 100% cut at 10 µm ~ PM7

  4. Our studies with CMAQ for G.T. • budget of ammonia • long-term (one year) • episodes of inorganic aerosols • 2 to 3 days in summer and winter presented by Sakurai in poster session presented from now

  5. Study Domains for SIA in G.T. no interaction two-way initial and boundary conditions

  6. Model Options & Configurations • MM5 V3.6-1 • 35 layers; ~25 m in the lowest layer • FDDA with JMA’s RANAL (20km, 12hrs.) • Grell, MRF, simple ice, multi-layer soil • CMAQ 4.2.2 (MCIP 2.1) • 16 layers; identical to MM5 in PBL • CB4-AE3-AQ solved with MEBI • CMAQ dry and RADM-cloud wet dep. • ACESS for E.Asia and NIES/JCAP for GT

  7. Emission inventory (NIES/JCAP) SOx [ton day-1] NOx [ton day-1] condensed dust [ton day-1]

  8. CMAQ vs. field campaigns

  9. F Y obs. CMAQ obs. CMAQ Winter: at Fukaya Gas Aerosol (FP) NO3- [µg m-3] NO2 [ppb] SO2 [ppb] SO42- [µg m-3] O3 [ppb] NH4+ [µg m-3] Dec. 9 Dec. 10 Dec. 9 Dec. 10

  10. F Y obs. CMAQ obs. CMAQ Winter: at Yokosuka Gas Aerosol (FP) NO3- [µg m-3] NO2 [ppb] SO2 [ppb] SO42- [µg m-3] O3 [ppb] NH4+ [µg m-3] Dec. 9 Dec. 10 Dec. 9 Dec. 10

  11. Winter contour: PM [µg m-3] 18:00 Dec. 9, 1999 18:00 Dec. 10, 1999 • not good • “observed” SPM(~PM7) vs. “calculated” PM2.5 • SPM = SIA + EC + OC + Cl- +… observed CMAQ observed CMAQ PM2.5 in CMAQ

  12. K T obs. CMAQ Summer: Gas at Tokyo • better than winter NO2 [ppb] SO2 [ppb] O3 [ppb] Jul. 31 Aug. 1

  13. K T obs. CMAQ Summer: SIA at Tokyo NO3- [µg m-3] NH4+[µg m-3] SO42-[µg m-3] particulate 0 12 0 12 0 Jul. 31 Aug. 1 gaseous 0 12 0 12 0 0 12 0 12 0 Jul. 31 Aug. 1 Jul. 31 Aug. 1

  14. Summer contour: PM 12:00 Jul. 31, 2001 12:00 Aug. 1, 2001 • much better than winter • summer SPM mainly made of SIA observed CMAQ observed CMAQ

  15. Summary • CMAQ is fine • secondary > primary products • summer > winter • to improve the performance… • Cl- and SOA (winter) • better boundary concentrations (SO2 & SO42-) • alter the gas-aerosol partitioning of NO3- and NH4+

  16. under testing CMAQ with... • HCl/Cl-, important in winter aerosol • emission, deposition and gas-aerosol reaction • coarse aerosol nitrate and chloride • gas/coarse aerosol reaction • upper boundary • free-tropospheric ozone • sulfate formation on aerosol surface • heterogeneous reaction of SO2

  17. SO2-to-SO42-(p) conversion • homogeneous + nucleation • SO2 + OH => H2SO4(g) • H2SO4(g) => SO42-(p) • aqueous chemistry in cloud water • SO2 + cw => SO42-(aq) • SO42-(aq) => SO42-(p) • heterogeneous chemistry • SO2 + aerosol surface => SO42-(p)

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