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Splash Screen. Chapter Introduction Section 1: The Futile Search for Stability Section 2: The Rise of Dictatorial Regimes Section 3: Hitler and Nazi Germany Section 4: Cultural and Intellectual Trends Visual Summary. Chapter Menu. How can politics be reflected in sports?

shelly-mccullough
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  1. Splash Screen

  2. Chapter Introduction Section 1:The Futile Search for Stability Section 2:The Rise of Dictatorial Regimes Section 3:Hitler and Nazi Germany Section 4:Cultural and Intellectual Trends Visual Summary Chapter Menu

  3. How can politics be reflected in sports? Nazi leader Adolf Hitler wanted to use the 1936 Olympic Games in Berlin to show the superiority of the Aryan (German) race. However, African-American athlete Jesse Owens of the United States shattered that plan by winning four gold medals. In this chapter you will learn how Hitler and other leaders created totalitarian states. • In the photograph, why is Jesse Owens (at center) saluting and why is Lutz Long (at right) extending his arm? • Do you think national pride and politics or individual accomplishments are more important to Olympic athletes today? Chapter Intro

  4. Chapter Intro

  5. Chapter Intro

  6. The Futile Search for Stability What were the causes of instability in the West after World War I? Chapter Intro 1

  7. The Rise of Dictatorial Regimes Why did certain European countries become dictatorial regimes? Chapter Intro 2

  8. Hitler and Nazi Germany How did Hitler and the Nazis gain power and rule Germany? Chapter Intro 3

  9. Cultural and Intellectual Trends What were the main cultural and intellectual trends between the wars? Chapter Intro 4

  10. Chapter Preview-End

  11. The BIG Idea Competition Among CountriesPeace and prosperity were short-lived after World War I as a global depression weakened Western democracies. Section 1-Main Idea

  12. Content Vocabulary • depression • collective bargaining • deficit spending Academic Vocabulary • annual • ratio Section 1-Key Terms

  13. People, Places, and Events • Ruhr Valley • Dawes Plan • Treaty of Locarno • Switzerland • Weimar Republic • John Maynard Keynes • Franklin Delano Roosevelt • New Deal Section 1-Key Terms

  14. A B Do you know anyone who lived during the Great Depression? A. Yes B. No Section 1-Polling Question

  15. Uneasy Peace, Uncertain Security Discontent with the Treaty of Versailles and a weak League of Nations opened the door to new problems in the interwar years. Section 1

  16. Uneasy Peace, Uncertain Security (cont.) • The United States Senate refused to ratify the Treaty of Versailles, making it impossible for the United States to join the League of Nations. • The German government made one payment of reparations to France, but the following year it announced it could not make any more payments due to financial crisis. Europe, 1923 Section 1

  17. Uneasy Peace, Uncertain Security (cont.) • In reaction, France seized the Ruhr Valleyto collect reparations by using Ruhr mines and factories. • The Dawes Plan was implemented to help both France and Germany: • reduced reparations Europe, 1923 Section 1

  18. Uneasy Peace, Uncertain Security (cont.) • coordinated Germany’s payments with their ability to pay • granted a $200 million loan for German recovery Europe, 1923 Section 1

  19. Uneasy Peace, Uncertain Security (cont.) • The foreign ministers of Germany and France signed the Treaty of Locarno,guaranteeing Germany’s new borders with France and Belgium. • Two years later, the Kellogg-Briand Pact was signed by 63 nations agreeing to renounce war as an instrument of national policy. Section 1

  20. A B C D Why did Germany quit paying reparations to France? A.Inflation caused financial crisis in Germany. B.France seized the mines in Ruhr Valley. C.The Treaty of Versailles was amended. D.There were border disputes with France. Section 1

  21. The Great Depression Underlying economic problems and an American stock market crisis triggered the Great Depression. Section 1

  22. The Great Depression (cont.) • A depressionended the short period of prosperity that began in 1924. • Causes of the Great Depression: • Several nations experienced economic downturns as prices for farm products fell due to overproduction. Unemployment, 1928–1938 Section 1

  23. The Great Depression (cont.) • An international financial crisis occurred when the U.S. stock market crashed and U.S. investors withdrew money from Germany. Unemployment, 1928–1938 Section 1

  24. The Great Depression (cont.) • Germany and other European nations’ banks became weak. Trade slowed, industrial production declined, and unemployment rose. • Governments did not know how to handle the economic crisis. They made it worse by lowering wages and raising tariffs. • Communism and Marxism became more popular, and people began to support dictators who offered solutions to the crises. Section 1

  25. A B C D From which political system did people start to turn away during the Great Depression? A.Marxism B.Communism C.Dictatorship D.Democracy Section 1

  26. Democratic States Although new democracies were established in Europe after World War I, the Depression shook people’s confidence in political democracy. Section 1

  27. Democratic States (cont.) • Most European nations had political democracies after World War I and granted more freedoms such as female suffrage. In Switzerland, however, women did not get the right to vote until 1971. • Germany • Germany created a democratic state known as the Weimar Republic. • The Weimer Republic faced severe inflation and serious social problems. Section 1

  28. Democratic States (cont.) • France • France became the strongest European nation after World War I but eventually felt the effects of the Great Depression. • Political instability led to the rise of a coalition of Leftist parties called the Popular Front government. Section 1

  29. Democratic States (cont.) • The Popular Front started the French New Deal, which gave workers the right to collective bargaining, a 40-hour workweek, a two-week paid vacation, and a minimum wage. Section 1

  30. Democratic States (cont.) • Great Britain • A new government formed by the Conservatives claimed credit for successfully dealing with the Great Depression by using the traditional policies of balanced budgets and protective tariffs. Section 1

  31. Democratic States (cont.) • British economist John Maynard Keynes condemned the belief that depressions should regulate themselves with little government interference. • Keynes felt that, if necessary, government should finance projects with deficit spending. Section 1

  32. Democratic States (cont.) • United States • Next to Germany, the United States was affected most by the Great Depression. • The United States elected Franklin Delano Roosevelt as president.He pursued a policy of active government intervention in the economy known as the New Deal. Section 1

  33. Democratic States (cont.) • A New Deal program, the Works Progress Administration, employed around 3 million people for work on bridges, roads, and airports. • The Roosevelt administration also created the U.S. welfare system and drafted the Social Security Act. Section 1

  34. A B C D Which economic policy suggested that government should finance projects by going into debt? A.The New Deal B.Social Security C.Deficit spending D.Collective bargaining Section 1

  35. Section 1-End

  36. The BIG Idea Human RightsBy 1939, many European countries had adopted dictatorial regimes that aimed to control every aspect of their citizens’ lives for state goals. Section 2-Main Idea

  37. Content Vocabulary • totalitarian state • fascism • collectivization Academic Vocabulary • unprecedented • media Section 2-Key Terms

  38. People, Places, and Events • Russia • Benito Mussolini • New Economic Policy • Politburo • Joseph Stalin • Five-Year Plans • Francisco Franco • Madrid Section 2-Key Terms

  39. A B Are the everyday lives of Americans affected when a new president is elected? A. Yes B. No Section 2-Polling Question

  40. The Rise of Dictators The totalitarian states did away with individual freedoms. Section 2

  41. The Rise of Dictators (cont.) • Many European nations became totalitarian statesin which governments controlled the political, economic, social, intellectual, and cultural lives of its citizens. • These new powerful regimes used propaganda to conquer the minds of their subjects and limited individual freedoms. Politics in Europe, 1930s Section 2

  42. The Rise of Dictators (cont.) • In Italy, Socialists spoke of revolution in response to severe economic problems. The middle class feared a Communist takeover similar to the one that occurred in Russia. • Benito Mussolinicreated the first European fascist movement in Italy. Politics in Europe, 1930s Section 2

  43. The Rise of Dictators (cont.) • Mussolini’s policy of fascismglorified the state above the individual by focusing on a strong central state led by a dictatorial ruler. • In 1922 Mussolini became prime minister of Italy. He outlawed all political parties and established a secret police that could arrest anyone for political or nonpolitical crimes. Politics in Europe, 1930s Section 2

  44. The Rise of Dictators (cont.) • Mussolini established total control over his people and exercised control over all media outlets. • He wanted to create a nation of orderly and war-ready people, but in reality most Fascists maintained traditional social attitudes. Politics in Europe, 1930s Section 2

  45. A B C D Which of the following did not occur during the fascist movement in Italy? A.Youth groups were formed for military training. B.The Vatican City lost its sovereignty. C.The media was used to spread propaganda. D.Political parties were outlawed. Section 2

  46. A New Era in the USSR In the Soviet Union, Stalin maintained total power by murdering his political opponents. Section 2

  47. A New Era in the USSR (cont.) • Lenin adopted a new policy called the New Economic Policy (NEP). • Peasants were allowed to sell their produce openly. • Retail stores and small industries that employed less than 20 workers could be privately owned and operated. Section 2

  48. A New Era in the USSR (cont.) • The NEP brought agricultural production back up and revived the market. • In 1922 Lenin and the Communists created the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics (USSR). • After Lenin’s death in 1924, the Politburobecame divided over the future direction of the Soviet Union. Soviet Union by 1939 Section 2

  49. A New Era in the USSR (cont.) • Joseph Stalin used his position as general secretary to gain control of the Communist Party by giving political positions in exchange for support. • By 1929 Stalin had created a powerful dictatorship and launched the Five-Year Plansto rapidly transform Russia from an agricultural society into an industrial country. Section 2

  50. A New Era in the USSR (cont.) • The government implemented the collectivizationof agriculture. Peasants resisted by hoarding crops and killing livestock, which led to widespread famine. • Stalin established complete control over the Communist Party by sending his opposition to work in forced labor camps in Siberia. Old Bolsheviks of the 1917 revolution were put on trial and condemned to death. Section 2

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