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The Post-PC Era: It’s All About Services

The Post-PC Era: It’s All About Services. Randy H. Katz The United Microelectronics Corporation Distinguished Professor Computer Science Division, EECS Department University of California, Berkeley Berkeley, CA 94720-1776 USA randy@cs.Berkeley.edu. Presentation Outline.

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The Post-PC Era: It’s All About Services

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  1. The Post-PC Era:It’s All About Services Randy H. Katz The United Microelectronics Corporation Distinguished Professor Computer Science Division, EECS Department University of California, Berkeley Berkeley, CA 94720-1776 USA randy@cs.Berkeley.edu

  2. Presentation Outline • Convergence, Divergence, Competition • The Unexpected Evolution of the Internet • Services-Enabled Networks • Implications for Mobile Wireless Networks • Summary and Conclusions

  3. Presentation Outline • Convergence, Divergence, Competition • The Unexpected Evolution of the Internet • Services-Enabled Networks • Implications for Mobile Wireless Networks • Summary and Conclusions

  4. First Color TV Broadcast, 1953 HBO Launched, 1972 Interactive TV, 1990 Telephone, 1876 Early Wireless Phones, 1978 Handheld Portable Phones, 1990 Pentium PC, 1993 Computer + Modem 1957 First PC Altair, 1974 IBM PC, 1981 Apple Mac, 1984 Apple Powerbook, 1990 IBM Thinkpad, 1992 Apple Newton, 1993 Eniac, 1947 HP Palmtop, 1991 Evolution of the Computer Red Herring, 10/99

  5. Atari Home Pong, 1972 Game Consoles Personal Digital Assistants Digital VCRs (TiVo, ReplayTV) Communicators Smart Telephones E-Toys (Furby, Aibo) Pentium PC, 1993 Network Computer, 1996 Free PC, 1999 Sega Dreamcast, 1999 Internet-enabled Smart Phones, 1999 Pentium II PC, 1997 Apple iMac, 1998 Palm VII PDA, 1999 Evolution of the Computer Proliferation of diverse end devices and access networks Red Herring, 10/99

  6. After the PC … • Not about gadgets or access technologies • About services and applications • Increasing, not decreasing, diversity • Enabled by computing embedded in communications fabric

  7. The Shape of Things Now • Siemens SL45 • A cellular phone with voice command, voice dialing, intelligent text for short messages • An MP3 player & headset • A digital voice recorder • Supports “Mobile Internet” with a built-in WAP Browser • Can store • 45 minutes of music • 5 hours of voice notes • “Unlimited” addresses/phone numbers

  8. Presentation Outline • Convergence, Divergence, Competition • The Unexpected Evolution of the Internet • Services-Enabled Networks • Implications for Mobile Wireless Networks • Summary and Conclusions

  9. Network “Cloud”

  10. Regional Nets + Backbone Regional Net Regional Net Regional Net Backbone Regional Net Regional Net Regional Net LAN LAN LAN

  11. Backbones + NAPs + ISPs ISP ISP ISP NAP ISP NAP Backbones Business ISP Consumer ISP Dial-up LAN LAN LAN

  12. Core Networks + Access Networks DSLAlways on Cable Head Ends @home Covad Core Networks ISP NAP Cingular NAP Satellite Fixed Wireless Sprint AOL Cell Cell Cell Dial-up LAN LAN LAN

  13. Computers Inside the Core DSLAlways on Cable Head Ends @home Covad ISP NAP Cingular NAP Satellite Fixed Wireless Sprint AOL Cell Cell Cell Dial-up LAN LAN LAN

  14. Applications (Portals, E-Commerce, E-Tainment, Media) Appl Infrastructure Services (Distribution, Caching, Searching, Hosting) AIP ISV Application-specific Servers (Streaming Media, Transformation) ASP Internet Data Centers Application-specific Overlay Networks (Multicast Tunnels, Mgmt Svrcs) ISP CLEC Internetworking (Connectivity) Global Packet Network New Internet Services Business Model

  15. Presentation Outline • Convergence, Divergence, Competition • The Unexpected Evolution of the Internet • Services-Enabled Networks • Implications for Mobile Wireless Networks • Summary and Conclusions

  16. Co-Location Scalable Servers WebCaches Services Within the Network: Content Distribution “Internet Grid” Parallel Network Backbones Internet Exchange Points

  17. Services in the Internet:Napster, Gnutella, Freenet, … • Something more than illegally sharing RIP’d music and videos from CDs and DVDs … • Cooperative construction of directories • Peer-to-peer computing vs. client-server computing • No centralized index/performance hot spot/target for denial of service attack, etc. • BUT existing “chatty” implementations generate a lot of network traffic • Technologies will evolve for efficient sharing of information within communities • E.g., Lotus Notes, newsgroups, etc. • Linking library catalogs together

  18. Content Distribution Through MulticastOverlay Network Content Broadcast Network Edge Servers Load Balancing Thru Server Redirection; Content Broadcast Management Platform and Tools RedirectionFabric Inter-ISP Redirection Peering Services Within the Network:Streaming Media Broadcasters Clients Steve McCanne

  19. Service-Level PeeringVia Redirection • Need common architecture to allow different vendors to create different components and work with one another while still competing • The challenges • Define the redirection architecture • New client/infrastructure protocol & API (a la DNS) • Do so in backward compatible way • Others… • One of the next big architectural issues for the Internet… McCanne, FFNets

  20. multicast cloud multicast cloud multicast cloud multicast cloud multicast cloud Enabled by Application-Specific Overlay Networks E.g., solve the multicast management and peering problems by moving up the protocol stack Isolated multicast clouds Traditional unicast peering Steve McCanne

  21. Application-Level Servers/Routers Solve the multicast management and peering problems by moving up the protocol stack Steve McCanne

  22. The Service Stack Applications End Host End host Services TCP service End-to-end argument here Network Services IP service Router Steve McCanne

  23. The Service Stack Applications End Host End host Services TCP service DNS stub Infrastructure Services Overlay DNS Network Services IP service Router Steve McCanne

  24. The Service Stack Applications End Host End host Services TCP service DNS stub Infrastructure Services Overlay Cache Services Proxy Services DNS Network Services IP service Router Steve McCanne

  25. The Service Stack Applications End Host End host Services TCP service DNS stub redirection Infrastructure Services Overlay Cache Services Proxy Services DNS Network Services IP service Router Steve McCanne

  26. Service Elements for Internet Broadcast Applications End Host End host Services TCP service redirection stub DNS stub Infrastructure Services Overlay Broadcast Redirection DNS Network Services IP and Scoped IP Multicast Router Steve McCanne

  27. Presentation Outline • Convergence, Divergence, Competition • The Unexpected Evolution of the Internet • Services-Enabled Networks • Implications for Mobile Wireless Networks • Summary and Conclusions

  28. The iMode Story • 21 million Internet-capable cellular phone subscribers • NTTDoCoMo has become the world’s largest ISP! • Most frequent used applications: • Voice conversations • Text messages • Animated cartoons • Specialized ringing tones • Japanese teenagers, especially females, driving the competitive development of new services!

  29. Huge Expense of New Telecomms Infrastructures • Auctions for 3G spectrum: 150 billion ECU;Capital outlays may match spectrum expenses, all before first revenue • Build it, but will they come? • Compelling services make the difference • Alternative business model • Collaborative deployment of wireless infrastructure • Competitive provisioning of services • Better way to build a network? … • Partition frequencies based on subscriber density • Eliminate duplicate antenna sites • Leverage common backhaul networks

  30. Application Services in the Mobile Wireless Network • Enabling more user-centered/adaptive apps • User preference management services • Application coordination services • Context-awareness services • Content-localization services • Mobility-model extraction services • Content adaptation to access network performance • Content adaptation to access client capabilities • Storage migration in response to user mobility • Special about mobile wireless? • Exploitation of location and mobility • Resource constrained nature of wireless environment

  31. Infrastructure Services in the Mobile Wireless Network • Forming dynamic confederations • Discovering confederates, establishing trust • Open service/resource allocation model • Service creation, establishment, placement; • Exchange resources, capabilities, status; • Allocate based on economic methods; • Manage trust among participants; • Service brokering/peering • Dynamically construct overlays on component services provided by underlying service providers • Redirect to alternative service instances

  32. Presentation Outline • Convergence, Divergence, Competition • The Unexpected Evolution of the Internet • Services-Enabled Networks • Implications for Mobile Wireless Networks • Summary and Conclusions

  33. The Post-PC Era • Not about specific Information Appliances • Services spanning access networks, to achieve high performance/manage end device diversity • Builds on the New Internet • Opening up of the connectivity “cloud” • Embedding computing in the communications fabric • Pervasive support for “intelligent” services • Near you for faster access, more personalized, more localized • Scalable to deal with surges in demand as needed

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