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Understanding Work: Force, Distance, and Energy Transfer

Explore the concept of work in physics, including the relationship between force, distance, and energy transfer. Learn when work is done on an object and how to calculate work. Discover ways to increase work and understand when work is not done on an object.

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Understanding Work: Force, Distance, and Energy Transfer

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  1. Chapter 9.1 Work

  2. 9.1Work Work is done when a net force acts on an object and the object moves in the direction of the net force.

  3. Increase the weight on the ends of the barbell • Increase the distance over which the weightlifter pushes the barbell and weights. 9.1Work • Work = force × distance • Did the weightlifter do work on the barbell and weights? • How? • Is the weightlifter currently doing work on the barbell and weights? • Why or why not? • Explain two ways that the work done by the weightlifter be increased.

  4. 9.1Work If we lift two loads, we do twice as much work as lifting one load the same distance, because the force needed is twice as great. If we lift one load twice as far, we do twice as much work because the distance is twice as great.

  5. 9.1Work While the weight lifter is holding a barbell over his head, he may get really tired, but he does no work on the barbell. Work may be done on the muscles by stretching and squeezing them, but this work is not done on the barbell. When the weight lifter raises the barbell, he is doing work on it.

  6. 9.1Work Work has the same units as energy Joules Newton x meter J N x m • One joule (J) of work is done when a force of 1 N is exerted over a distance of 1 m (lifting an apple over your head).

  7. 9.1 Work When work is done, a change in energy occurs 1) Transfer of energy to change position or store energy—work against another force Ex: Pulling back the string on a bow stores energy. 2) Transfer of energy (one form to another) Ex: Rubbing your hands together transfers one form (kinetic) of energy to another (thermal). 3) Increase or decrease the speed of an object. Ex: Bringing an automobile up to speed increases its (kinetic) energy.

  8. 9.1Work think! Suppose that you apply a 60-N horizontal force to a 32-kg package, which pushes it 4 meters across a mailroom floor. How much work do you do on the package?

  9. 9.1Work think! Suppose that you apply a 60-N horizontal force to a 32-kg package, which pushes it 4 meters across a mailroom floor. How much work do you do on the package? Answer: W = Fd = 60 N × 4 m = 240 J

  10. 9.1Work When is work done on an object? When is work not done on an object?

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