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Traumatic brain injury and athletes: A Clinical Sport Psychological Perspective

Traumatic brain injury and athletes: A Clinical Sport Psychological Perspective. Kendra Ogletree Cusaac, Ph.D. Licensed Clinical Psychologist Sport Psychologist University of South Carolina. OBJECTIVES. To understand the context of sport, TBI, and its importance in sport

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Traumatic brain injury and athletes: A Clinical Sport Psychological Perspective

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  1. Traumatic brain injury and athletes: A Clinical Sport Psychological Perspective Kendra Ogletree Cusaac, Ph.D. Licensed Clinical Psychologist Sport Psychologist University of South Carolina

  2. OBJECTIVES • To understand the context of sport, TBI, and its importance in sport • To understand the psychological, emotional, and cognitive consequences of TBI on athletes and sport environment • To understand the role of the clinical sport psychologist and other sport medicine personnel

  3. NFL to spend $765M to settle concussion lawsuits

  4. A little history….

  5. Sport CULTURE perspective • Expectations of athletes • How concussions are perceived • Which sports are most at risk? • Developmental issues

  6. prevalence • The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention reported that 200,000 sports-related head injuries are treated in emergency departments annually within the United States and that sports related concussions accounts for approximately 20% of all TBIs per year.

  7. Boxing #1 sport FOR Mtbi incidence

  8. PREVALENCE • A history of concussion among athletes varies by sport (from highest upper estimates to lowest): • Equestrian (3%-91%) • Boxing (1%-70%) • Rugby (2%-25%) • Soccer (4%-22%) • American football (2%-20%)

  9. Developmental issues • TBI: Athletes vs. Nonathletes • Concussions occur at all levels of play • Young athletes (under 18 years old) vs. older athletes (over 18 years old) • Male athletes vs. female athletes • NCAA • Multiple Concussions • Second Impact Syndrome KROLL’S PERSONALITY PERFORMANCE PYRAMID

  10. Multiple concussions • Athletes who have previously sustained a concussion are more than two times likely to sustain a second concussion and may be more likely to experience a greater number and perceived severity of post concussive symptoms.

  11. Effects of Tbi • http://nortonsafe.search.ask.com/videos?geo=US&q=JIM+MCMAHON&prt=360&locale=en_US&o=15527&chn=retail&ver=20&tpr=10

  12. SIGNS OF TBI Signs are behaviors/events that are observable by others: • Loss of consciousness • A dazed or vacant look • Motor incoordination/balance problems • On-field confusion/disorientation

  13. SYMPTOMS OF TBI

  14. Somatic symptoms OF TBI • Headache • Nausea/vomiting • Balance problems • Dizziness • Fuzzy/blurry vision • Low energy/fatigue • Light/noise sensitivity

  15. COGNITIVE SYMPTOMS OF TBI • Memory Dysfunction • Attention Problems • Mental “fogginess” • Cognitive slowing • Fatigue

  16. Psychological/EMOTIONAL SYMPTOMS OF TBI • More emotional • Sadness • Anxiety • Irritability • Negative/pessimistic attitude • Personality changes

  17. Sleep and other disturbances • Difficulty falling asleep • Sleeping more/less than usual • Sexual disorders and problems • Loss of interest in sex • Relationship difficulties • Substance use and abuse

  18. ATHLETES VS. NONATHLETES AND TBI • Motivation • Return to play pressures and desires • Underreporting of symptoms/symptom minimization

  19. Assessment and management of tbi • Acute evaluation on the field • Sideline or locker room evaluation • Formal postacute neurocognitive assessment • Graded progression of physical exertion • Unrestricted return to play

  20. Emotional sequelae of tbi in athletes • The research reports on short-term emotional distress following concussion reveal transient depression, feelings of fatigue and reduced energy levels, confusion, and overall mood disturbance.

  21. Psychologists’ responsibilities • To educate athletes, their families, coaches, physicians, athletic trainers, and policy makers to recognize and appropriately manage this complex injury. In doing so, we will more effectively enhance player safety and prevent disabling symptoms.

  22. prevention • Equipment • New prototype helmets • Rule changes • Penalties and fines • On the field evaluation • Return to play • Successive head trauma • Education: Athletes, Coaches, Parents

  23. QUESTIONS???

  24. Traumatic brain injury and athletes: A Clinical Sport Psychological Perspective Kendra Ogletree Cusaac, Ph.D. Licensed Clinical Psychologist Sport Psychologist University of South Carolina Email: ogletree@mailbox.sc.edu

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