1 / 10

Community-based Disaster Management

Community-based Disaster Management. Session 2 World Bank Institute Krishna S. Vatsa. 1. 1. 1. A Social View of Disasters. A disaster is an interaction between a hazard event and a vulnerable human group

shirin
Télécharger la présentation

Community-based Disaster Management

An Image/Link below is provided (as is) to download presentation Download Policy: Content on the Website is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use and may not be sold / licensed / shared on other websites without getting consent from its author. Content is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use only. Download presentation by click this link. While downloading, if for some reason you are not able to download a presentation, the publisher may have deleted the file from their server. During download, if you can't get a presentation, the file might be deleted by the publisher.

E N D

Presentation Transcript

  1. Community-based Disaster Management Session 2World Bank InstituteKrishna S. Vatsa Comprehensive Disaster Risk Management FrameworkThe Role of Local Actors 1 1 1

  2. A Social View of Disasters • A disaster is an interaction between a hazard event and a vulnerable human group • Hazard (nature, severity and frequency) is a trigger event; vulnerability explains the impact of a hazard event on people • Since 1970s, a disaster is explained more in terms of vulnerability (socio-economic processes) rather than a hazard event • Such a view established social causality of disasters replacing an engineering / technical approach Comprehensive Disaster Risk Management FrameworkThe Role of Local Actors

  3. Understanding Vulnerability • Refers to negative outcomes of major ecological or economic shocks on the well-being of households or communities • Vulnerability is measured against a minimum level of welfare • Vulnerability has two sides: external and internal • External side refers to natural hazard and its characteristics (severity, frequency) • Internal side refers to resilience: the community’s capacity to resist and recover from the adverse impact of a disaster • Vulnerability embodies both the risk and capacity of households to respond to shocks Comprehensive Disaster Risk Management FrameworkThe Role of Local Actors

  4. Reducing Vulnerability • Vulnerability refers to characteristics of individuals and group: income, class, race, caste, gender, age • Low-income groups, women, elderly, racial / ethnic minorities, and certain rural and urban segments more vulnerable than others • Even non-poor are vulnerable; as a result of shock they can be pushed into poverty • Vulnerability is reduced by access to resources and asset-building: financial and non-financial assets • Requires strategies and interventions which focuses on reducing vulnerability at community- and household-level Comprehensive Disaster Risk Management FrameworkThe Role of Local Actors

  5. Community-based Approach to Disaster Management • Requires social consciousness and organization for disaster risk reduction • Aimed at reducing socio-economic vulnerability rather than engineering approaches to mitigation • Adopts Inter-sectoral / inter-disciplinary approach • Applies local knowledge, skills, and capacities • Seeks community as active participants and decision-makers • Addresses different stages of disaster cycle: prevention, preparedness and mitigation, and response and recovery Comprehensive Disaster Risk Management FrameworkThe Role of Local Actors

  6. Participatory Risk Assessment • Analyzing hazard: its nature, frequency, and probable impact • Assessing Vulnerability: Underlying socio-economic vulnerability, civic Infrastructure vulnerability, and identification of vulnerable groups • Assessing community’s capability / resources at the level of households, social organization, informal networks, etc. Comprehensive Disaster Risk Management FrameworkThe Role of Local Actors

  7. Community-managed Disaster Management System • Early Warning System for Communities: specific risk, appropriate medium, simple language and direct message • Community Response Plan: Roles and responsibilities, hazard-specific checklist, S & R functions, evacuation, transit shelter, and relief • Community-level Mitigation Programs: Structural andnon-structural measures • Connecting disaster risk reduction with development: Watershed management, livelihood, gender programs Comprehensive Disaster Risk Management FrameworkThe Role of Local Actors

  8. Access to Resources forAsset-building • Financial Resources: credit, savings and insurance • Livelihood strategy: diversify income-generating activities, training, and public works programs • Social Protection: Food programs, subsidies • Housing: Public and private resources for housing, disaster-resistant construction • Community networks: social support for mitigation initiatives • Information-sharing: Sharing of knowledge and information on different aspects of disaster preparedness and mitigation Comprehensive Disaster Risk Management FrameworkThe Role of Local Actors

  9. Programs / Instruments for Community-based Measures • Government’s Fiscal Support • Disaster Funds • Insurance • Microfinance • Social Funds • Public Works Program Comprehensive Disaster Risk Management FrameworkThe Role of Local Actors

  10. Community Education in Disaster Management • Educate all the concerned agencies: NGOs, local institutions such as municipal and fire service, hospitals • Raise community awareness about local hazards, preparedness and response through simple messages • Provide information upon cheap and simple mitigation measures to communities • Select the medium and prepare content of message carefully: negative disaster images to be avoided, and family well-being to be promoted Comprehensive Disaster Risk Management FrameworkThe Role of Local Actors

More Related