Ressearch in Animal Production and Health in Nepal : Way Forward

1. Ressearch in Animal Production and Health in Nepal : Way Forward C.R. Upreti, U. M. Singh, S. P. Neopane, S. M. Pradhan& L.N. Pandey Nepal Agricultural Research Council

2. Lumle Agriculture Research Center

3. Mandate and Research Strategy Research on: Crop rice, wheat, maize Horticulture citrus, commercial vegetables, potato Livestock bovine, small ruminant, livestock feed and agro-forestry Cross cutting plant pathology, entomology, soil science, socio-economic, seed lab and biotechnology/tissue culture Action research non-mandated commodities

5. Agricultural Contribution to GDP 31% Employment in agriculture 65.6% Agriculture growth rate 1.69% Population growth rate 2.25% Background Livestock Contribution to GDP 12% 5

6. Main issues, challanges & opportunities of research in animal production and health • Poor peace, infrastructure & resources • Poor experties and academic environment • Poor mechanism for sustainability Opportunities • Ecological suitability for research • Market demand of animal products in & abroad • Abundant promising human resource

7. NARC Established in 1991 (Under NARC Act BS 2048)(Amendment of NARC Act BS 2053) Mandate • Technology generation focusing on livelihood • Research prioritization,Coordination of NARS • Policy advice to GON 7

8. Organogram of Nepal Agricultural Research Council Council (16) Executive Board (8) • NARC HQ • Executive Director • Dir., Planning & Coord. • Dir., Crops & Hort. Res. • Dir., Liv. & Fish. Res. • Dir., Admin. • Dir., Financial Admin. Cross Cutting Division/Units (3+3) Regional Directorates (4) Commodity Programs (11+3=14) NARI & NASRI Disciplinary Divisions (8+5=13) Agricultural Research Stations (13) 8

9. Status of Human Resources 9

10. Altogether 53 Reserch Stations including regional Stations

11. Agriculture Perspective Plan Poverty Reduction Strategy/3Yr Int. Plan National Agriculture Policy 2061 NARC Vision 2021 MDGs/WTO/SAFTA… NARC Research PriorityGuiding Principles

12. 2.0 5.5 3.5 Yield gap in milk production, National 3.5

13. Livestock contributes 31% to the total AGDP of the country. • APP has targeted 45% livestock contribution in AGDP by 2015.

14. Per capita milk, meat, and egg consumption of Nepal Source: Shrestha et al 2002, MoAC 2009

15. Comparative availability, rquirement and milk and meat deficit in Nepal Source: Pradhan et al 2008

16. Research collaboraters in Animal production & health • in Nepal • FAO/UNDP • ILRI • JICA • DFID • DLS • USAID • World Bank • Israel, Bangor • Institute of Agriculture & Animal Science , Rampur • Himalayan College of Agricultural Sciences, HICAST

17. Trend of Approved budget of MoAC & NARC in last five years

18. Animal production & health research Breeding Technologies: Bovine: • Breeding technique for different agro climatic condition of Nepal identified and recommended • Blood level of exotic genotype (50% blood level) identified and recommended to the farmer's condition. • Rearing technology of improved cattle and buffalo developed and handed over to the DLS in regular basis. • Rare breed Achhami cattle characterized • DCIP funded by FAO (TCP) base d on R&D concept jointly run by the NARC & DLS

19. Parkote • Milk production- 1031 L/305 d • First calving – 55.2 m • Calving interval – 529 d

20. BUFFALO (Indigenous) Lime • Milk production- 1048 L/305 d • First calving – 51.6 m • Calving interval – 535d

21. Cattle Jersey • Average milk production: 2821 L • Highest: 4299.3 L • Lowest: 1342.8 L

22. Indigenous cattle breeds of Nepal

23. Emerging one of the private commercial dairy farm

24. Buffalo breeds of Nepal LIME GADDI PARKOTE Murrah and cross

25. Small ruminant:Indigenous goat breeds of Nepal • Native goats • Chyangra (in Tarns Himalayan Region), • Sinhal (in mountain region), • Khari (Hill region), and • Terai goats (Terai region).

26. Goat husbandry Pure Barbari Khari Jamuna pari cross

27. Khari Goat • Birth weight- 1.72 kg • 6 - months weight – 13.2 kg • 12 months weight – 21.3 kg • Age at 1st service –242.2d • Kidding interval, days-270 d • Twining percentage – 65%

28. Selective breeding on Khari goat for mid hills of Nepal.

29. Indigenous sheep breeds of Nepal Lampuchhare Kage cross (50%) Baruwal Bhyanglung

30. Poultry: Giriraja Chicken suitable for back yard poultry farming has been development and adopted by the farmers in Terai, and hills of Nepal.

31. Indigenous chicken breeds of Nepal

32. Swine (some native species) • Bampudke, • Banel, • Chuyanche, • Hurra • Pakhribas black pig • Exotic breeds : Landrace, Yorkshire etc have been used to develop the cross breed.

33. Rabbit: • German Angora, Russian Chin Chila. Hyaline California • Litter size at birth– 6.6 • Litter size at weaning-4.5 • Pre weaning mortality, % -21.76 • Litter wt at birth, kg -0.65 • Average kit wt at birth, gm- 98.5 • Litter wt at weaning, kg – 3.0 • Average kit wt at weaning, kg- 0.67 • Adult weight, kg – 4.75 Chinchila

34. Feed & Nutrition Technology Bovine: Low cost feed based on crop residue UMMB technology developed Small ruminants: Stall fed technology for goats Feeding package for mountain sheep Red soil supplementation to sheep during winter

35. Non Ruminant Feeding Poultry • Methionin and lysine supplementation on broiler diet • Feeding technology for scavenging system Swine • Level of forage (water hyacinth, comphrey etc.) inclusion on the diet identified. Rabbit • Rabbit feeding package using locally available feed

36. Dairy Research • Product diversificstion research work • Post harvest for keeping quality • Hygenic milk production

37. Feeds and Fodder Research: • Different types of fodder and pasture species identified and selected. • Silage bag technique for winter feeding identified • Agro-forestry technologies for hills developed by RARS, Lumle

38. Kamdhenu • Suitable cultivars of oat for different agro-eco zones identified, • Netra • Kamudhenu • Suitable pasture sps for high hills and mountain identified Netra GM Yield: 80 - 90 t/ha.(5 cuttings)

39. Pasture Research • Varieties of Oat, Berseem& Napier in pipeline • Technology for year round green fodder production developed • Technology of plastic bag silage for dry period

40. Health care Technologies • The research is based on the diseases as defined by Official Epizootics International (OIE) such as, • OIE List A, B, C diseases • Unclassified diseases such as mastitis, abortion, parasitic gastroenteritis (Multiple).

41. Technologies on Animal Health • Bovine & small ruminants • Preventive strategy of mastitis in bovine • Treatment of posterior paralytic syndrome in goat • Control measure of Degnella disease • Strategy for the reduction of incidence of respiratory disease in goats. • Strategy for gastrointestinal nematode control. • Use of Bozo, Sisnu and Surti for the control of ticks. • Feeding of rice straw prevents fascioliosis in stall fed animals • Control strategy of foot rot in small ruminant.

42. Technology for poultry disease control Vaccine production technology • Ranikhet F1 strain vaccine • Ranikhet R2 B strain vaccine • RD LOasota strain vaccine • Fowl pox vaccine • Infectious Bursal Disease (Live) strain vaccine

43. Preventive technologies for livestockdiseases • H.S. vaccine (alum precipitated) • B.Q. vaccine ( alum precipitated • H.S. and B.Q. combine vaccine (alum precipitated) • Anthrax spore • Swine fever (Capinized live) • PPR vaccine

44. Technologies for the control of zoonotic diseases • Carbolised 20% sheep brain vaccine • 5% sheep strain vaccine • BPL antirabies vaccine • Tissue culture anti-rabies (trial batch)

45. Way forward in Animal Production and HealthResearch Climate change • Livestock research in relation to climate change and global warming • Establishment of Deemed University Animal Breeding • Genetic resource conservation and utilization • Breed Development • Participatory selection program Animal Nutrition • Low cost feeding package • Characterization / identification nutritive feed resources. • Quality control mechanism for raw ingredients and compound feed etc

46. Livestock Production & Management • Technology generation for cattle and buffalo • Qualitywool and meat production • Fodder based feeding management • Management technologies suitable for different ecological zones • Socio-economics in relation to livestock commercialization • Best Management Practices (BMP) for quality production

47. Animal Health • Khari disease in buffalo • Organism Bank • Zoonotic disease • Infertility in Cattle and Buffalo • Study on vectors of animal disease • Natural micro flora of indigenous animal. • Genetic resistance of indigenous stock against disease • Indigenous plants and biological materials against Pathogen and parasites.

48. Forage, Pasture and Agro forestry • Suitable variety release of forage crops • Rangeland / community land management • Improved on fodder productivity considering environment • Temperate legume seed production

49. CONCLUSION Nepal is basically a livestock based agrarian society. Thus, highest level organizational identity of Livestock sector could contribute substantially in national economy and prosperity. Such identity would strengthen both research and extension network for animal production and health for sustainability of animal industry, environment and peace.

50. Thank You