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General Geology: Magmatic rocks

General Geology: Magmatic rocks. Instructor: Prof. Dr. Boris Natalin. Rock types. Magmatic Sedimentary Metamorphic. Magmatic rocks in the rock cycle. Terminology. Magma – molten rock Lava – magma on the surface Volcanic (Extrusive ) rocks Plutonic (Intrusive ) rocks.

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General Geology: Magmatic rocks

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  1. General Geology: Magmatic rocks Instructor: Prof. Dr. Boris Natalin

  2. Rock types • Magmatic • Sedimentary • Metamorphic

  3. Magmatic rocks in the rock cycle

  4. Terminology • Magma – molten rock • Lava – magma on the surface • Volcanic (Extrusive) rocks • Plutonic (Intrusive) rocks

  5. Crystallization of magma • Melting of rocks • Crystallization of magma • Rate of cooling and crystal size • Volatiles

  6. Granite Mackenzie et al. 1988

  7. Basalt

  8. Crystallization of magma • cooling rate • crystallization order • vesicles Texture– A geologic structure

  9. Magmatic texture Intrusive • Phaneritic - • Porphyrictic • Aphanitic - • Porphyritic (with fine-grained groundmass): • Glassy – • Existence of volatiles produces bubbles (vesicles) • Pyroclastic Extrusive

  10. Aphanitic Phaneritic Porphyrictic Glassy

  11. Voids are remnant of gas bubbles Vesicular texture

  12. Vesicular texture

  13. Pyroclastic texture Tuff

  14. Pyroclastic rocks Silica-rich rocks (light color)

  15. Bowen reaction series

  16. Magmatic differentiation Earlier and denser crystals settle on the bottom and walls of magmatic chamber Remaining melt crystallizes in different places and thus it has different composition

  17. Magmatic differentiation

  18. Magmatic differentiation: assimilation and magma mixing

  19. Names of igneous rocksclassification

  20. Igneous rocks: minerals

  21. Granitic rocks: granite

  22. Granitic rocks: Rhyolite

  23. Granitic rocks: Obsidian

  24. Granitic rocks: Pumice

  25. Granites form cores of mountains

  26. Andesitic rocks: andesite and diorite Andesite porphyry

  27. Thin section of andesite porphyry groundmass phenocryst

  28. Basaltic rocks: basalt and gabbro

  29. Pyroclastic rocks

  30. The structures that result from the emplacement of igneous material at depth are calledplutons

  31. Classification of plutons • Shape • Relationships with surrounding rocks

  32. Dike

  33. Sill

  34. Columnar jointing in lavas and sills

  35. Laccolith

  36. Granitic batholith

  37. Emplacement of batholiths

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