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The Expansion of Western Routes: Pioneering Transportation in Early America

This chapter explores the significant western routes used in early America, including the Great Wagon Road, Wilderness Road, and the development of flatboats and turnpikes. It highlights the expansion of territories and statehood from 1792 to 1819, detailing the construction of essential roads like the Lancaster Turnpike and the National Road. The chapter also discusses the advent of steam transport with inventions by John Fitch and Robert Fulton, and the transformative impact of the Erie Canal on commerce and transportation in the early 19th century.

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The Expansion of Western Routes: Pioneering Transportation in Early America

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  1. Chapter 11 Section 2

  2. Western Routes • Great Wagon Road – across Pennsylvania • Wilderness Road – opened by Daniel Boone > went through the Cumberland Gap into Kentucky • Flatboats – wagons and animals journeyed down the Ohio River into Indiana, Kentucky, and Illinois • Georgia and So. Carolina pioneers went west to Alabama, Mississippi, and New England, New York, and Pennsylvania went into the Northwest Territory • Some settlers went into Ohio

  3. New States • Territories applying for statehood • 1792 – 1819 eight joined the Union • Kentucky (1792), Tennessee (1796), Ohio (1803), Louisiana (1812), Indiana (1816), Mississippi (1817), Illinois (1818) and Alabama (1819)

  4. Turnpikes and Corduroy Roads • Private companies build gravel and stone roads • Companies collected tolls • Turnpikes were the roads were tolls were collected • Lancaster Turnpike – best road in the US • Linked Philadelphia and Lancaster • Corduroy Roads – roads made of logs

  5. National Road • Congress approved funds ot a national road – building project • National Road • Runs from Cumberland Maryland to Wheeling in western Virginia • Work began 1811 completed in 1818 and road was extended into Illinois

  6. Steam Transport • Downstream travel from Pittsburgh to New Orleans six weeks • Upstream took 17 weeks

  7. Fitch and Fulton • New invention – steam engine • John Fitch introduced how steam engine could power a boat • Ferry service on the Delaware River (not very successful) • Robert Fulton • 1807 created his own steamboat the Clermont on the Hudson River

  8. The Age of Steamboats • Steamboats • Ferrying passengers up and down the Atlantic Coast • Transported goods for farmers and merchants • Henry Shreve • Designed a flat – bottomed steamboat

  9. The Canal Boom • Steamboats did not help the farmers get goods directly to markets in the East • Canals were built

  10. Building the Erie Canal • New Yorkers idea • Link the Great Lakes with the Mohawk and Hudson River • Erie Canal • Western farmers could ship their goods to the port of New York • Bring business to towns • Money provided by New York state lawmakers • Work began in 1817 • New inventions created

  11. An Instant Success • Erie Canal • Finished 1825 • Cost of shipping goods dropped about one tenth • New York City becomes center of commerce • Encouraged other states to build canals

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