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Aflatoxin Outlook in Mozambique

This workshop focuses on the significant issue of aflatoxin contamination in Mozambique, particularly affecting groundnut and maize, and its link to health risks such as liver cancer. Initiatives include a review of existing regulations, monitoring efforts, and ongoing research into biocontrol methods using atoxigenic strains. The need for improved infrastructure, capacity building, and awareness-raising is emphasized to better manage aflatoxin risks and ensure food safety. Insights from experts will guide future strategies for addressing this critical public health concern.

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Aflatoxin Outlook in Mozambique

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  1. Aflatoxin Outlook in Mozambique Prepared for COMESA aflatoxin workshop in Malawi Joao Augusto, Ranajit Bandyopadhyay, Juliet Akello, Joseph Atehnkeng March 11, Lilongwe, Malawi

  2. Outline • Background information about aflatoxins in Mozambique • Aflatoxin regulations and monitoring in Mozambique • Ongoing research and technology options • Gaps to be addressed

  3. Background Information about aflatoxins in Mozambique Late 1970’s – Intake of aflatoxin contaminated food, especially from groundnut, linked to high prevalence of liver cancer in Southern Mozambique Late 1990’s to date – Rejection of groundnut and groundnut products by the EU for exceeding aflatoxin legal limits

  4. Background Information about aflatoxins in Mozambique Notifications of Mozambican groundnut products by EU market: Source: RASFF portal, 2011

  5. Background Information about aflatoxins in Mozambique Late 1970’s – Intake of aflatoxin contaminated food, especially from groundnut, linked to high prevalence of liver cancer in Southern Mozambique Late 1990’s to date – Rejection of groundnut and groundnut products by the EU for exceeding aflatoxin legal limits Survey in 2013 – identification of aflatoxin hot-spot areas for maize and groundnut in central and northern Mozambique (USAID-Moz grant)

  6. Outline • Background information about aflatoxins in Mozambique • Aflatoxin regulations and monitoring in Mozambique • Ongoing research and technology options • Gaps to be addressed

  7. Aflatoxin regulations and monitoring in Mozambique According to FAO (1994) – There are aflatoxin regulations in Mozambique (but not enforced) Universidade Lurio (UniLurio) in northern Mozambique – Aflatoxin testing and monitoring for different crops (but the lab is not accredited) Madal Ltd in central Mozambique – private company working with some 3,000 groundnut farmers (sorting and aflatoxin testing for the farmers)

  8. Outline • Background information about aflatoxins in Mozambique • Aflatoxin regulations and monitoring in Mozambique • Ongoing research and technology options • Gaps to be addressed

  9. Aflatoxin surveillance in Mozambique • Conducted at harvest, May-June, 2013 • In Northern and Central regions, but with emphasis to Nacala Corridor • Selection criteria for the locations: (a) maize and groundnut in the same area (but sampling will be as far as possible from each sampling point); (b) number of districts in each province; (c) distribution in altitude; (d) cropping systems; and (e) accessibility • Materials: “Sampling procedures” for survey, “Sampling questionnaires” for each survey group, colored-printed and laminated mycotoxin factsheets in Portuguese, GPS handsets, etc

  10. Objectives of the surveillance • Estimate magnitude of aflatoxins • Determine geographic distribution of aflatoxins • Facilitate planning

  11. Determine magnitude of aflatoxins n=283 n=307

  12. Determine magnitude of aflatoxins

  13. Distribution of aflatoxins: by region

  14. Distribution of aflatoxins: by province

  15. Distribution of aflatoxins: by levels % g’dnut samples at harvest (n=283) % maize samples at harvest (n=307)

  16. Awareness raising about aflatoxins

  17. Outline • Background information about aflatoxins in Mozambique • Aflatoxin regulations and monitoring in Mozambique • Ongoing research and technology options • Gaps to be addressed

  18. Identifying, selecting atoxigenic strains for aflatoxin biocontrol • More than 400 atoxigenic L-strains of Aspergillus flavus identified from maize and groundnut • Most competitive and widely distributed atoxigenic strains, with no toxigenic member in their VCG groups, will be selected • Selected 8-12 VCG strains to be formulated in aflasafe-Moz biocontrol products for testing in farmers’ fields in 2014 crop growing season

  19. Outline • Background information about aflatoxins in Mozambique • Aflatoxin regulations and monitoring in Mozambique • Ongoing research and technology options • Gaps to be addressed

  20. Gaps to be addressed • Infrastructure and human capacity building, polices Equipping and certifying laboratories  Recruiting and training Mozambican technicians and students  Awareness raising  Advocacy, regulations and enforcement

  21. Donors & Partners Dr. Peter Cotty – USDA-FAS at University of Arizona-Tucson

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