1. CS 101: Introduction to Computing Rotating and Blurring Developed by Mark Guzdial, Georgia Institute of Technology, 2003–2004; modified by Robert H. Sloan, University of Illinois at Chicago, 2005, for educational use.

2. Rotating the copy def copyTonksSideways(): # Set up the source and target pictures tonksFile=getMediaPath("tonks.jpg") tonks = makePicture(tonksFile) canvasf = getMediaPath("7inX95in.jpg") canvas = makePicture(canvasf) # Now, do the actual copying--swap X & Y! targetX = 1 for sourceX in range(1,getWidth(tonks)): targetY = 1 for sourceY in range(1,getHeight(tonks)): color = getColor(getPixel(tonks,sourceX,sourceY)) setColor(getPixel(canvas, targetY, targetX), color) targetY = targetY + 1 targetX = targetX + 1 show(tonks) show(canvas) return canvas

3. Rotating: How it works • We increment the same, but we use targetX for the Ycoordinateand targetY for the X coordinate

4. Rotating: How it works 2 • We increment sourceY and targetY just the same.

5. Rotate: How it ends • Same amount of increment, even same values in the variables, but a different result.

6. What to do about scaling? • How do we clear up the degradation of scaling up? • Variety of techniques, but mostly following the same basic idea: • Use the pixels around to figure out what color a new pixel should be, then somehow (e.g., by averaging) compute the right color. • Different techniques look at different pixels and compute different averages in different ways.

7. A blurring program def blur(pic,nNeighbors): original = makeDuplicate(pic) for pixel in getPixels(pic): currentX = getX(pixel) currentY = getY(pixel) r = 0 g = 0 b = 0 count = 0 for x in range(currentX - nNeighbors, currentX + nNeighbors +1): for y in range(currentY - nNeighbors, currentY + nNeighbors + 1): if (x<0) or (y<0) or (x >= getWidth(pic)) or (y >= getHeight(pic)): pass # Skip if we go off the edge else: r = r + getRed(getPixel(original, x, y)) g = g + getGreen(getPixel(original, x, y)) b = b + getBlue(getPixel(original, x, y)) count = count + 1 newColor = makeColor(r/count,g/count,b/count) setColor(pixel,newColor) def makeDuplicate(pic): #creates new picture object identical to old and returns it duplicate = makeEmptyPicture(getWidth(pic), getHeight(pic)) for x in range(1, getWidth(pic)): for y in range(1,getHeight(pic)): color = getColor(getPixel(pic, x, y)) setColor(getPixel(duplicate, x, y), color) return duplicate Need to go to JES and look at this and ask lots of questions about it.

8. Bean: Pixelated, then smooth

9. Questions about Blur • What’s with the + 1 at the end of the range? • Explain construct else: and pass • Explain exact test in the if for when to pass • Explain why we need makeDuplicate!