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Understanding Significant Figures and Element Classes in Chemistry

This study guide covers significant figures, essential for accurate scientific measurement, including defining various types of numbers—counting, measured, and defined. It explores significant figures in calculations, rounding rules for addition, subtraction, multiplication, and division. The guide also reviews families of elements such as alkali metals, alkaline earth metals, and others, alongside practical exercises including a quiz and homework to reinforce learning. Prepare for assessments with clear examples and key concepts that enhance your understanding of precision in chemistry.

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Understanding Significant Figures and Element Classes in Chemistry

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  1. Significant Figures Agenda Review elements Notes on Significant Figures Practice

  2. Alkali metals

  3. Alkaline Earth Metals

  4. Boron Family

  5. Carbon Family

  6. Nitrogen Family

  7. Oxygen Family

  8. Halogens

  9. Quiz Flip PT

  10. New Elements

  11. Accuracy? • Precision?

  12. Formula for % composition?

  13. ?

  14. ?

  15. Significant Figures Date:

  16. Types of Numbers • Counting • Numbers without units (whole numbers) • Ex: there are 6 chairs in the front row • Measured • Numbers WITH units (actually measured) • Ex: 58.35 g • Defined • Fractions or conversion factors • Ex: 12 inches = 1 foot, 2.54 cm = 1 inch

  17. 12 people 5.34 g 16 Tbsp in a cup 6 cans 16 oz in a pound 2.54 cm in an inch 40.75 in 2.25 cm Determine the type of #Discuss with table partner

  18. SF in numbers • Counting – infinite, ∞ • Defined – infinite, ∞ • Measured – where the fun begins! • Digits 1 – 9 ALWAYS count

  19. 12 people 5.34 g 16 Tbsp in a cup 6 cans 16 oz in a pound 2.54 cm in an inch 40.75 in 2.25 cm Determine the # of SFDiscuss with table partner

  20. SF for measured # • Zeros SOMETIMES count • LEADING zeros NEVER COUNT • 0234 • 0.034 • MIDDLE zeros ALWAYS COUNT • 101 • 5.001 3 SF 2 SF 3 SF 4 SF

  21. SF for measured # CONT • TRAILING zeros count if a decimal is present • 100.0 • 0.900 • 100 4 SF 3 SF 1 SF

  22. 0.031 or 3.1*10-2cm 6.00 cm 107.05 cm 2.35*10-3g 12.05 mL 0.14 cm 3.01 cm 5.790 g Determine type of ZERO, then # SFDiscuss with table partner

  23. 12.0 cm +2.45 cm 14.45 cm Round to tenth 14.5 cm 5.79 g -3.2 g 2.59 g Round to tenth 2.6 g SF in Calculations • Addition and subtraction • -Round to least number of decimal places

  24. SF in Calculations CONT • Multiplication and division • Round to least number of SF 6 cm *6 cm 36 cm2 Round to 1 SF 40 cm2 122.5 g/mL 2.0 mL = 61.25 g Round to 2 SF 61 g

  25. Homework • Complete SF worksheet • Work on elements • Quiz next Friday before Test • Lab Report • Rough Draft due Monday • Final Draft due Wednesday • Test next Friday

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