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ATP and Cellular Respiration

ATP and Cellular Respiration. Breakdown of a Glucose Molecule to make ATP so our cells can perform chemical reactions. THE BASICS OF CELLULAR RESPIRATION. Heterotrophs – organisms that cannot make their own energy and need to consume other organisms to get energy (consumers)

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ATP and Cellular Respiration

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  1. ATP and Cellular Respiration • Breakdown of a Glucose Molecule to make ATP so our cells can perform chemical reactions

  2. THE BASICS OF CELLULAR RESPIRATION • Heterotrophs – organisms that cannot make their own energy and need to consume other organisms to get energy (consumers) • All animals, fungi, and some bacteria are heterotrophs

  3. Why Make ATP? • Referred to as energy currency of the cell • Provide energy for chemical reactions to take place in our body (cells)

  4. Mitochondria • Site of cellular respiration (where ATP is made) • Conists of • Outer membrane • Inner membrane • Matrix • Cristae

  5. Cellular Respiration Breakdown • Glycolysis • Located in cytoplasm of cell • Krebs Cycle • Located in Mitochondrial Matrix • Electron Transport Chain • Located in mitochondrial cristae

  6. Glycolysis • Breakdown of a single Glucose molecule • Reactants • Glucose molecule • Products • 2 pyruvate molecules • 2 ATP molecules • Energy • 2 NADH molecules • Electron carriers

  7. Pyruvate • Pyruvate can take 2 paths from this point: • Aerobic Respiration (with oxygen) • Pyruvate moves into mitochondria and ATP is made via Krebs Cycle and Electron Transport Chain • Anaerobic Respiration (without oxygen) • Pyruvate stays in cytoplasm and is converted into lactic acid -Lactic Acid Fermentation

  8. Aerobic Respiration • Krebs Cycle • Conversion of 2 pyruvate molecules • Reactants • 2 pyruvate molecules • Products • 4 CO₂ molecules • 2 ATP molecules • Energy • 6 NADH molecules • Electron carriers • 2 FADH₂ • Electron carriers

  9. Aerobic Respiration • Electron Transport Chain • Electrons are transferred to proteins from NADH and FADH₂ • Electrons are passed from one protein to the next • Final electron acceptor is Oxygen (O₂) • Reactants • NADH • FADH₂ • Products • 34 ATP molecules • Energy • Water (H₂O)

  10. Anaerobic Respiration • Lactic Acid Fermentation • Conversion of 2 molecules of pyruvate into lactic acid when oxygen is not present • Happens during vigorous muscle exercise • Liver converts lactic acid back into glucose

  11. Anaerobic Respiration • Alcohol Fermentation • Does not occur in humans • Occurs in yeast when oxygen is not available • Facultative anaerobes • Conversion of 2 molecules of pyruvate into ethanol

  12. Photosynthesis and Cellular Respiration

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