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Understanding the Speed of Light: Reflection, Refraction, and Wave Behavior in Optics

This review covers the fundamental principles of light behavior, including the speed of light (C = 299,792,458 m/s), laws of reflection, and the distinction between converging and diverging rays. We delve into the concepts of refraction and partial reflection, particularly how incident rays interact with boundaries between different media. Key formulas are provided for calculating wave speed in various conditions, with practical examples illustrating the principles of Snell's Law, wave angles, and wavelength changes in different media. This comprehensive guide serves as a valuable resource for Grade 11 students.

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Understanding the Speed of Light: Reflection, Refraction, and Wave Behavior in Optics

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Presentation Transcript

  1. Grade 11 Review

  2. Speed of light, regardless of frame of reference! • C = 299 792 458 m/s • C = 3.00 x 108 m/s (to three sig. figs.)

  3. Pinhole Camera

  4. Laws of Reflection • The angle of incidence is equal to the angle of reflection • The incident ray, the reflected ray and the normal all lie in the same plane

  5. Rays: the path taken by light • Parallel rays do not cross • Converging rays come together • Diverging rays spread out

  6. Refraction and Partial Reflection Question: What happens when an incident ray approaches along the normal?

  7. Constructive vs. Destructive

  8. Optics Formulae Review

  9. Waves Formulae Review

  10. And so… But,

  11. Example 1 • A water wave has a wavelength of 2.0 cm in the deep section of a tank and 1.5 cm in the shallow section. If the speed of the wave in the shallow water is 12 cm/s, what is its speed in the deep water? • [16cm]

  12. Refraction • When water waves travel obliquely (not directly into) a slower medium, the wave ray bends toward the normal. • When they travel obliquely into a faster medium, the wave ray bends away from the normal. • It can be shown geometrically that the angle of incidence of the wave ray to the normal is the same as the angle of incidence of the wave front to the boundary. • It can also be shown geometrically that the angle of refraction of the wave ray to the normal is the same as the angle of refraction of the wave front to the boundary.

  13. Measuring Wave Rays (Fast to Slow)

  14. Measuring Wave Rays (Slow to Fast)

  15. Measuring Wave Fronts

  16. Analyzing Refraction Using Wave Fronts

  17. Snell’s Law (Alternate Version) But, So

  18. Remember

  19. Example 2 • A 5.0 Hz water wave, travelling at 30 cm/s in deep water, enters shallow water so that the angle between the incident wave in deep water and the boundary is 50°. If the speed of the wave in shallow water is 27 cm/s, what is: • The angle of refraction in shallow water? • 44° • The index of refraction for the media? • 1.1 • The wavelength of the wave in shallow water? • 5.4 cm

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