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Emerging Diseases

Emerging Diseases . BIOL 119 Spring 2011 Cause of Infectious Disease. Some Types of Diseases. Nutritional or dietary diseases-scurvy, or vitamin C deficiency Genetic diseases-hemophilia Behavioral diseases-addictions such as alcoholism Mental illnesses-bipolar disorder

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Emerging Diseases

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  1. Emerging Diseases BIOL 119 Spring 2011 Cause of Infectious Disease

  2. Some Types of Diseases • Nutritional or dietary diseases-scurvy, or vitamin C deficiency • Genetic diseases-hemophilia • Behavioral diseases-addictions such as alcoholism • Mental illnesses-bipolar disorder • Infectious diseases-you can catch them from someone or something-emerging diseases fit in here

  3. Some Hypotheses About Infectious Disease • Supernatural – the anger of the gods • Humoral hypothesis – balance of body fluids • Miasma - bad air • Germ Theory – microscopic particles called germs because they can “germinate” like a seed

  4. Supernatural origin of disease?

  5. Hippocrates Humoral Hypothesis Humor = body fluid Balance of humors determines personality Imbalance causes illness

  6. Restoring the balance of Humors “bleeding” or “bloodletting” Used up until about 1900 For almost any ailment including hemorrhage There were other treatments to reduce other humors

  7. Miasma Hypothesis Disease associated with bad air-”miasmas” have a spiritual component

  8. “Miasmas” resulted from the chemical breakdown of living material 19th Century cities were a good place for this

  9. Sanitarians were determined to clean up the cities

  10. Sanitarian ideas were fuzzy They thought disease resulted spontaneously from garbage, filth and dirt Through chemical interactions with miasmas They thought cleaning up was generally a good idea Some medical people of the mid-1800s agreed Semmelweis insisted that physicians wash their hands The “Savior of Mothers” in maternity clinics Puerperal fever or childbed fever Lister pioneered the use of antiseptics in surgery He realized that strong chemicals can inactivate disease agents

  11. LouisPasteur Showed that microorganisms always occur in disease or spoilage And that they come from pre-existing microbes They were called “germs”

  12. Robert Koch Anthrax Koch showed that germs caused diseases Koch’s Postulates-rules for demonstrating causation Endospores very stable

  13. The Germ Theory of Disease is the accepted theory today. Infectious diseases are caused by germs!

  14. Types of Germs and Their Diseases • Parasites-tapeworms, amoebas, protozoa • Fungi- athlete’s foot, yeast infections • Bacteria-anthrax, syphilis, Staph infections • Viruses- AIDS, cervical cancer (HPV), influenza • Sub-viral- Mad Cow, Hepatitis D

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