Inferences

1. Standards: CCCS 2. Reading for all purposes Inferences 1 min. Objectives (Copy) Students will be able to use sight or text clues and their previous/background knowledge to make inferences. Playing the Educated Guessing Game {Click mouse to continue}

2. Monday, Bellwork: 5 min. .Choose one activity below: 1) Choose three traits from our Character Chart that you could categorize as being common characteristics of mostmen and write a detailed response explaining and justifying why. 2) Choose three traits from our Character Chartthat you could categorize as being common characteristics of mostwomen and write a detailed response explaining and justifying why. Example of detailed justification: Dogs (for example): Dogs are loyal, vigilant, and altruistic. They are so loyal and dedicated to their owners, they would never leave their owner’s side if given the choice. They are vigilant and very watchful and protective over their masters. A dog wouldn’t think twice about confronting a hungry mountain lion or bear who is eyeballing his master for a meal. In this way, dogs, without a doubt, are altruistic creatures by nature. This is probably why it is said of dogs that they are “man’s best friend.”

3. What is an Inference? An inference is an assumption (guess) that you make about something that you see, read, or experience. • It is based on all of the information that you have available at that time. • It is not necessarily a correct guess, but it is an educated one. Hmm…where have we practiced this skill of making guesses before? That’s right! When we were making predictions. Predicting is one way of making inferences! {Click mouse to continue}

4. Everyday Inferences Here are some inferences that you probably make on a daily basis. You infer that she is probably making menudo! If your Madre has purchased cow stomach at the grocery store and is preparing it in the kitchen… If you see a group of men on rugs on their knees, facing the East, with their heads to the ground… praying… You would probably infer that they are Muslim. You may not always be correct in your inferences, but they are assumptions that you make based on the given clues. {Click mouse to continue}

5. Inferences:Take a Guess Other words for ‘infer’ concludededucesupposehypothesize suggestspeculatesurmiseassume hint suspectreckonreasonpresumeinterpretimplysuppose figure out insinuateguess imagine “read between the lines” The number of words in the English language used for making inferences indicates (shows) how common and normal it is to run into “indirectly stated information,” which means you’ll need to “read between the lines.” {Click mouse to continue}

6. USE YOUR NEW WORDS TO MAKE INFERENCES ABOUT THE FOLLOWING IMAGES.

7. Inferences:Take a Guess? • What is this woman doing? 2. Where do you think this woman is? • Is she there for work or pleasure? {Click mouse to continue}

8. Inferences:Take a Guess? Lets look a little bit closer and evaluate your guesses. Where do you think this woman is? What is she doing? Based on the furniture and decorations, she is probably in a hotel room. Is she there for work or pleasure? She is on the telephone. Based on the her clothing and the presence of a fax machine, WE (use word) she is probably there for ___________. {Click mouse to continue}

9. Inferences:Take Another Guess?Partners • Where are they? 2. What are the two women on the left doing? 3. What is going on with the woman on the right? {Click mouse to continue}

10. Inferences:Take a Guess? Lets look a little bit closer and evaluate your assumptions. WE (use word) that the women on the left are ___________ about the woman on the right, by her facial expression. WE (use word) that they are either at someone’s house or at a café or small restaurant. Where are they? One woman is whispering in the other’s ear. {Click mouse to continue}

11. Standards: CCCS 2. Reading for all purposes Inferences 3 min. Objectives (Copy) Students will be able to use sight or text clues as well as previous/background knowledge in order to make inferences. Playing the Educated Guessing Game {Click mouse to continue}

12. Inferences:Take a Guess The Game of Clue • The game of Clue (Cluedo) is an inference game. • You are never told who killed Mr. Body, but you may be told who did not kill him. • You gather clues so you can infer who really killed Mr. Body. • All mystery shows are based on inference: • El Equipo • The Bridge • CSI: Miami (starring Adam Rodriguez) • Psych • Iraqi or Nepali crime/police/detective show or novels? • Hold it! Let’s take a look at some mystery novels {Click mouse to continue}

13. ASIAN-AMERICAN SLEUTHS Henry Chang Sleuth: Jack Yu. 1st in series: Chinatown beat Naomi HiraharaSleuth: Mas Arai. 1st in series: Summer of the big bachi Sujata Massey Sleuth: Rei Shimura. 1st in series: The salaryman’s wife S. J. RozanSleuth: Lydia Chin. 1st in series: China trade HISPANIC-AMERICAN SLEUTHS Wayne ArthursonSleuth: Leo Desroches. 1st in series: Fall from grace Norman Green Sleuth: Alessandra “Al” Martillo. 1st in series: The last gig Misa Ramirez Sleuth: Lola Cruz. 1st in series: Living the vida Lola A. E. Roman Sleuth: Chico Santana. 1st in series: Chinatown angel NATIVE-AMERICAN SLEUTHS Peter Bowen Sleuth: Gabriel Du Pre. 1st in series: Coyote wind Margaret CoelSleuth: Vicky Holden. 1st in series: The eagle catcher Jean Hager Sleuth: Mitch Bushyhead. 1st in series: The grandfather medicine Tony HillermanSleuth: Jim Chee. 1st in series: People of darkness Sleuth: Joe Leaphorn. 1st in series: The blessing way Stan Jones Sleuth: Nathan Active. 1st in series: White sky, black ice William Kent Krueger Sleuth: Cork O’Connor. 1st in series: Iron Lake Linda Rodriguez Sleuth: Marquitta “Skeet” Bannion. 1st in series: Every last secret Dana Stabenow Sleuth: Kate Shugak. 1st in series: A cold day for murder Aimee & David Sleuth: Ella Clah. 1st in series: Blackening songThurlo Sleuth: Lee Nez. 1st in series: Second sunrise C. M. WendelboeSleuth: Manny Tanno. 1st in series: Death along the spirit road

14. Let’s Play Clue! • Based on the following clues, decide: • Who killed Mr. Body • Where Mr. Body was killed (room) • With what weapon Mr. Body was killed • The suspects are: Mrs. Peacock, Colonel Mustard, Miss Scarlet, Mr. Green, Mrs. White, and Professor Plum • The rooms are: the kitchen, the ballroom, the library, the study, the conservatory, and the game room • The weapons are: the candlestick, the knife, the revolver, the rope, the wrench, and the lead pipe

15. The Rules • You have each been given one card. • Whatever is on your card was not involved in killing Mr. Body. • You each will be able to ask one classmate to reveal his or her card to the entire class. • You may make a guess at any time, BUT… • Once you guess, you cannot guess again. • Your guess must include all three: the murderer, the weapon, and the room.

16. Col. Mustard Mrs. P Mr. G Prof Plum Miss S Mrs. W

17. Standards: CCCS 2. Reading for all purposes Inferences REVIEW Objectives: Students will be able to use sight or text clues as well as previous knowledge/background knowledge in order to make inferences. Exit Ticket: What new word did you learn today related to infer? Infer what might be happening in the the following image: I have a ball, I’m on a field, and there is a goal post on each end of the field. What can you infer I will do next? How do you know?

18. DAY 2

19. Standards: CCCS 2. Reading for all purposes Inferences 3 min. Objectives (Copy) Students will be able to use sight or text clues as well as previous/background knowledge in order to make inferences. Playing the Educated Guessing Game {Click mouse to continue}

20. Tuesday, Bellwork: Choose one activity below: Library Library

22. When they infer, readers…  Draw conclusions from text (So, what the author is saying is…)  Make reasonable predictions as they read (Since…., then…)  Interpret text or understand themes (That must mean…)  Analyze characters (Oh, she’s biting her nails, she must be nervous…)  Figure out unfamiliar words (context clues)  Figure out non-literal interpretations (symbolism, metaphors…)

23. Readers who are aware of the inferences they are making, are more able to…  Remember and apply what they have read  Create new background knowledge  Critically (deeply) analyze text and authors  Engage in conversation about what they are reading  Be reflective about what they are reading  Critically (deeply) analyze nonfiction text

24. Inferences:Word Pictures As you looked at yesterday’s pictures, you were able to infer things about the scenarios that they presented. When you read a text, think of it as a WORD PICTURE. {Click mouse to continue}

25. Inferences:Word Pictures When reading, there are several types of word pictures the author will paint for you. It will be your job to use those pictures to infer things such as: • The setting • A Character’s personality or emotions • What a character’s motives (true reasons/ true desires) might be • What the writer’s motives (reasons) behind writing the piece might be (author’s purpose) Just To Name A Few Lets look at a few examples! {Click mouse to continue}

26. Inferences:The Setting Read the following selection: The air blowing off of the water is clean and crisp. As she slowly made her way to her destination, the damp sand beneath her feet began to stick to the bottom of her toes. Finally, she was close enough to see. A blue and white table cloth spread over the sand. Candles, crystal, and china glistened in the light of the setting sun. She smiled, and a tear ran down her cheek. Where is this woman? What time of day is it? As she approaches, what does she see? Will she be spending the evening alone? {Click mouse to continue}

27. Inferences:The Setting The air blowing off of the is clean and crisp. As she slowly made her way to her destination, the damp beneath her feet began to stick to the bottom of her toes. Finally, she was close enough to see. A blue and white spread over the sand. glistened in the light of the . She smiled, and a tear ran down her cheek. water Where is this woman? Based on the word picture painted for us, she is on the beach. sand What time of day is it? It is evening. As she approaches, what does she see? Will she be spending the evening alone? table cloth That someone has prepared a romantic picnic for her. Candles, crystal, and china We can logically assume that whomever has made the picnic will probably join her. setting sun {Click mouse to continue}

28. Inferences:Character Personalities & Emotions Author’s often use word pictures to give you clues about the personalities and emotions of the characters. For Instance: If the character is shown refusing to be controlled by others such as their parents, boss, or other authority figure We infer that they are rebellious. If the character storms out of the room, slamming the door behind them We infer that they are angry. If we see them doing things that show good character in front of other, but exhibiting negative traits when alone We infer that they are deceptive. {Click mouse to continue}

29. Inferences:Character Personalities & Emotions With this in mind, lets take another look at the excerpt we read earlier. The air blowing off of the water is clean and crisp. As she slowly made her way to her destination, the damp sand beneath her feet began to stick to the bottom of her toes. Finally, she was close enough to see. A blue and white table cloth spread over the sand. Candles, crystal, and china glistened in the light of the setting sun. How does the woman feel about what this person has done? Though we have not been introduced to the person that has planned this, what can we assume about their personality? Based on her smile and tears, we can assume she is happy and touched by the gesture. We can assume that he is caring, romantic, and thoughtful. Though this may or may not prove to be correct by the end of the story, that is the word picture the author is painting for us. She smiled, and a tear ran down her cheek. {Click mouse to continue}

30. Inferences:Character Motives Lets add on a few lines to that excerpt… Charles had been planning this night for weeks. He had waited for a night with clear skies and a soft breeze. He had laid out the tablecloth, placed the glasses and plates just right. For a few seconds, he wondered if she had found the note that he had left her, but soon he could see her slowly walking down the beach. As she approached, he took a deep breath, kneeled down on one knee, and pulled a small box from his pocket. Why did he leave her a note? We can infer that he left her a note to tell her to meet him on the beach. Why has Charles made this picnic for her? To propose to her. {Click mouse to continue}

31. Inferences:Writer’s Motives All people have their own moral and political perspectives. Sometimes, these perspectives color what an author writes. This can take place in both fiction and nonfiction pieces. Read the following excerpt and try to determine what this writer’s motives for writing this might be. At the close of the year 1999, composting and recycling had stopped 64 million tons of material from ending up in landfills and incinerators (U.S. Environmental Protection Agency) . Though that is a good start, America has a long way to go. As a country, it is our responsibility to protect the environment for the sake of future generations! {Click mouse to continue}

32. Inferences:Take a Guess Part 2 Now that you know how to use what the text does say to figure out things that it does not, Lets look at a few excerpts to practice your new skills! Write your answers down as you go. {Click mouse to continue}

33. Inferences:Take a Guess Part 2 Read the following paragraph, and answer the questions that follow. Geoffrey awoke early that morning, for fear of being late for his appointment. He showered, brushed his hair, and put on his best suit. He stuck extra ink pens and pencils into his brief case. He did not want to leave anything to chance. He knew that if he did not get a job soon, Martha would have to leave the children and go back to work. {Click mouse to continue}

34. Inferences:Take a Guess Part 2 Geoffrey awoke early that morning, for fear of being late for his appointment. He showered, brushed his hair, and put on his best suit. He stuck extra ink pens and pencils into his brief case. He did not want to leave anything to chance. He knew that if he did not get a job soon, Martha would have to leave the children and go back to work. • What kind of appointment is Geoffrey getting ready for? • He is going job hunting. • He is going to a board meeting for his job. • He is going to a job interview. {Click mouse to continue}

35. Inferences:Take a Guess Part 2 Geoffrey awoke early that morning, for fear of being late for his appointment. He showered, brushed his hair, and put on his best suit. He stuck extra ink pens and pencils into his brief case. He did not want to leave anything to chance. He knew that if he did not get a job soon, Martha would have to leave the children and go back to work. • 2. Who is Martha? • His mother. • His wife. • His daughter. {Click mouse to continue}

36. Inferences:Take a Guess Part 2 Geoffrey awoke early that morning, for fear of being late for his appointment. He showered, brushed his hair, and put on his best suit. He stuck extra ink pens and pencils into his brief case. He did not want to leave anything to chance. He knew that if he did not get a job soon, Martha would have to leave the children and go back to work. • 3. Which of these personality traits best fits Geoffrey? • Responsible • Optimistic • Selfish {Click mouse to continue}

37. Inferences:Take a Guess Part 2 Geoffrey awoke early that morning, for fear of being late for his appointment. He showered, brushed his hair, and put on his best suit. He stuck extra ink pens and pencils into his brief case. He did not want to leave anything to chance. He knew that if he did not get a job soon, Martha would have to leave the children and go back to work. • 4. What is Geoffrey’s motive for waking up early ? • To be an example for his children. • To be on time for his appointment. • He does not want Martha to go back to work. {Click mouse to continue}

38. Inferences:Take a Guess Part 2 Geoffrey awoke early that morning, for fear of being late for his appointment. He showered, brushed his hair, and put on his best suit. He stuck extra ink pens and pencils into his brief case. He did not want to leave anything to chance. He knew that if he did not get a job soon, Martha would have to leave the children and go back to work. • 5. What might he need extra pens and pencils for at his appointment ? • To fill out necessary forms. • To take notes on the speaker. • To hand out as advertisements for his firm. {Click mouse to continue}

39. Inferences:Take a Guess Part 2 Now, lets check your inferences. 1. Infer what the writer’s motive is. a) She is trying to frighten her audience into appropriate behavior. b) She is a child activist. • c) Her motive is to inspire her reader. The author’s motive is shown in statements like these: “We are powerful beyond measure…We are all meant to shine, as children do.” Though she uses the word children, the dominant topic is inspiration and motivation {Click mouse to continue}

40. Inferences:Take a Guess Part 2 2. With which statement would the author most agree? • a) All men/women are created equal. b) Life is not fair. c) The only thing to fear is fear itself. Looking at the same quote we saw before: “We are powerful beyond measure…We are all meant to shine, as children do.” The author’s use of “we” and “all” suggests that she believes everyone is meant to shine. Evidence of the other beliefs are not in the poem. {Click mouse to continue}

41. Inferences:Take a Guess Part 2 Now, lets go on to the next piece. • What kind of appointment is Geoffrey getting ready for? • He is going job hunting. • He is going to a board meeting for his job. • c) He is going to a job interview. The writer is suggesting that the appointment will solve this problem: “He knew that if he did not get a job soon, Martha would have to leave the children and go back to work.” We can assume that he is not going job hunting because that does not require an appointment. {Click mouse to continue}

42. Inferences:Take a Guess Part 2 • 2. Who is Martha? • His mother. • c) His daughter. • b) His wife. “He knew that if he did not get a job soon, Martha would have to leave the children and go back to work. “ The same quote we used for the last question, suggests that Martha is the mother of his children and not his mother or his child. {Click mouse to continue}

43. Inferences:Take a Guess Part 2 • 3. Which of these personality traits best fits Geoffrey? • b) Optimistic • c) Selfish • Responsible “Geoffrey awoke early that morning … He stuck extra ink pens and pencils into his brief case.He did not want to leave anything to chance.” These words describe a man who is responsible. There are no suggestions that he is optimistic or selfish in the text. {Click mouse to continue}

44. Inferences:Take a Guess Part 2 • 4. What is Geoffrey’s motive for waking up early ? • To be an example for his children. • To be on time for his appointment. • c) He does not want Martha to go back to work. Though Geoffrey does not want to be late for his interview, that is not his ultimate motive. His ultimate motive would be what is causing him to want to be on time in the first place. This brings us back to this quote: “He knew that if he did not get a job soon, Martha would have to leave the children and go back to work.” {Click mouse to continue}

45. Inferences:Take a Guess Part 2 • 5. What might he need extra pens and pencils for at his appointment ? • b) To take notes on the speaker. • c) To hand out as advertisements for his firm. • a) To fill out necessary forms. Because we have established that Geoffrey is going to a job interview, we can infer that he needs these utensils to fill out the application or any other forms that they may give him {Click mouse to continue}

46. Want to Learn More About Using What You Do Know to Figure Out What You Don’t? Visit us on campus at: The Learning Center Room 100 Educational Services Building {Click mouse to conclude workshop}