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Electronic System Design Techniques

Electronic System Design Techniques. Boonying Charoen Kittiphong Meesawat Wichai Premchaisawadi. Course Syllabus. Introduction : Passive & Active Components 21 – 25 Oct. Packaging & Interconnection Technologies 28 Oct. – 1 Nov. Cables & Connectors 4 – 8 Nov. (20 %)

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Electronic System Design Techniques

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  1. Electronic System Design Techniques Boonying Charoen Kittiphong Meesawat Wichai Premchaisawadi

  2. Course Syllabus • Introduction : Passive & Active Components 21 – 25 Oct. • Packaging & Interconnection Technologies 28 Oct. – 1 Nov. • Cables & Connectors 4 – 8 Nov. (20 %) • CAD Tools 11 – 22 Nov. • Design Examples 25 – 29 Nov. • PCB design & Implementation 6 – 10 Jan.2014 (20%) • 1st Presentation (Conceptual Design 10%) 2 – 6 Dec. • 2nd Presentation (Simulation 10%) 16 – 20 Dec. • 3rd Presentation (Prototype 10%) 3 – 7 Feb.2014 (60%) Presentation 30% Report & Complete Prototype 20% Attention & Participation 10%

  3. Electronics product life cycle

  4. Electronic Components

  5. Electrical properties • Mechanical properties • Dimension & Weight • Cost & Availability • Ergonomic • etc.

  6. Definitions Passive: Capable of operating without an external power source. Typical passive components are resistors, capacitors, inductors and switches etc. Active: Requiring a source of power to operate. Includes transistors (all types), integrated circuits (all types), TRIACs, SCRs, LEDs, etc.

  7. DC: Direct Current The electrons flow in one direction only. Current flow is from negative to positive, although it is often more convenient to think of it as from positive to negative.  This is sometimes referred to as "conventional" current as opposed to electron flow.

  8. AC: Alternating Current The electrons flow in both directions in a cyclic manner - first one way, then the other.  The rate of change of direction determines the frequency, measured in Hertz (cycles per second).

  9. Passive Electronic Components

  10. Resistor Examples SMT Components Through-hole Resistors (Larger size often indicates higher power rating) http://www.wordiq.com/definition/Resistor

  11. SMT Rectangular passive components (mostly resistors and capacitors): • 01005 (0402 metric) : 0.016" × 0.008" (0.4 mm × 0.2 mm) • Typical power rating for resistors 1/32 Watt • 0201 (0603 metric) : 0.024" × 0.012" (0.6 mm × 0.3 mm) • Typical power rating for resistors 1/20 Watt • 0402 (1005 metric) : 0.04" × 0.02" (1.0 mm × 0.5 mm) • Typical power rating for resistors 1/16 Watt • 0603 (1608 metric) : 0.063" × 0.031" (1.6 mm × 0.8 mm) • Typical power rating for resistors 1/16 Watt • 0805 (2012 metric) : 0.08" × 0.05" (2.0 mm × 1.25 mm) • Typical power rating for resistors 1/10 or 1/8 Watt • 1206 (3216 metric) : 0.126" × 0.063" (3.2 mm × 1.6 mm) • Typical power rating for resistors 1/4 Watt • 1806 (4516 metric) : 0.177" × 0.063" (4.5 mm × 1.6 mm) • 1812 (4532 metric) : 0.18" × 0.12" (4.5 mm × 3.2 mm) • Typical power rating for resistors 1/2 Watt • 2010 (5025 metric) : 0.2" × 0.1" (5.0 mm × 2.5 mm) • 2512 (6332 metric) : 0.25" × 0.12" (6.35 mm × 3.0 mm) Ref: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Surface-mount_technology

  12. Variable Resistor Examples

  13. Resistor Color Code http://www.oilfield.de/download/techtabs/electron/ccode001.pdf On line Tool: http://www.samengstrom.com/nxl/3660/4_band_resistor_color_code_page.en.html Note: A resistor with a single black-band is a zero ohm resistor

  14. Resistor Code Ref: http://www.lalena.com/audio/electronics/color/ • SIL (Single In-Line) network: • The 4 and 7 are significant digits and the 3 is the decade, giving 47 x 1000 or 47 KW • The letter after the numbers is the tolerance. The different representations are: M=±20%, K=±10%, J=±5%, G=±2%, F=±1%. • Detail Spec: http://www.vishay.com/docs/31509/csc.pdf • SMD (Surface Mount Device): • The 1 and 0 are significant digits and the 3 is the decade, giving 10 x 1000 or 10 KW • Direct Value: • Resistors with larger physical size are often printed the value directly on their body

  15. Standard Resistor Values • Electronic Industries Association (EIA) standard E24: • Standard E24 specifies resistors based on 5% tolerance (often resistor of this category has 2% tolerance now a days due to advancement of manufacturing techniques) Standard Resistor values = × 10MOhms (Where M can be any integer, positive or negative) For other standards:http://www.logwell.com/tech/components/resistor_values.html

  16. Tolerance The tolerance of resistors is mostly 1%, 2%, 5% and 10%.  In the old days, 20% was also common, but these are now rare.  Even 10% resistors are hard to get except in extremely high or low values (> 1M or < 1R), where they may be the only options available at a sensible price. A 100R resistor with 5% tolerance may be anywhere between 95 and 105 ohms - in most circuits this is insignificant, but there will be occasions where very close tolerance is needed (e.g. 0.1% or better).

  17. Power Ratings Resistors are available with power ratings of 1/8 W (or less for surface mount devices), up to hundreds of watts.  The most common are 1/4W (0.25W), 1/2W (0.5W), 1W, 5W and 10W.  Very few projects require higher powers, and it is often much cheaper to use multiple 10W resistors than a single (say) 50W unit.  They will also be very much easier to obtain. Like all components, it is preferable to keep temperatures as low as possible, so no resistor should be operated at its full power rating for any extended time. 

  18. Resistance Materials Carbon Composition:  Low to medium power.  Comparatively poor tolerance and stability.  Noisier than most others. Carbon Film:  Low power.  Reasonable tolerance and stability.  Reasonably quiet. Metal Film:  Low to medium power.  Very good tolerance and stability.  Quiet. Wirewound:  High to very high power.  Acceptable to very good tolerance, good stability.  Quiet.  May have inductance. There are non-inductive wirewound resistors, but are not readily available, and usually not cheap.

  19. Capacitor Examples Capacitor Network http://www.wordiq.com/definition/Capacitor Through-Hole SMT Chip

  20. Variable Capacitor Examples

  21. Capacitor Alphanumeric Code or r 4R7 = 4.7 mF 4N7 = 4.7 nF 4P7 = 4.7 pF

  22. Standard Capacitor Values Ref: http://www.aoc.nrao.edu/~pharden/ref/_caps.pdf

  23. Capacitance Materials Silvered Mica:  Probably the most linear low value capacitor, these are most commonly used in RF applications where the dielectric losses would preclude other types.  They are physically large and comparatively expensive. Polystyrene:  Very good electrical properties, including exceptionally high dielectric resistance.  Very linear and stable, but physically large.  Polystyrene is affected by many solvents, and is unsuitable for high temperatures. Ceramic:  Excellent high frequency performance, but not stable with temperature (except NPO types).  The temperature sensitivity is often used to stabilise RF oscillators.  Very good bypass caps for high speed opamps.  Not recommended for use in the audio path.  Commonly available in voltages up to 3kV or more.

  24. Monolithic Ceramic:  Designed as bypass capacitors, these are physically small, and have excellent HF performance.  Stability is suspect, and they are not recommended for use in the audio path. Polyester:  One of the most popular types, in the "MKT" package style.  Stable and reliable, but generally only low voltage (up to 100V).  Suitable for all audio applications, as well as bypass on power amplifiers and opamps. Mylar:  Also known as "Greencaps" - another popular cap, suitable for all audio applications, as well as bypass for power amps and opamps.  (Note that Greencaps may also be polyester).

  25. Polypropylene:  Available in relatively large values, and excellent for passive loudspeaker crossover networks.  Said by some to be audibly superior to other plastic film types. PET: (Polyethylene Terephthalate) - the same stuff that plastic drink bottles are made from. Used in many different types of plastic film caps, often replacing polyester or mylar Electrolytic:  Using plates of aluminium and an electrolyte to provide conductivity, these caps use an extremely thin layer of aluminium oxide (created by anodising) as the dielectric.  This gives very high capacitance per unit volume, and electros are used as coupling capacitors, filter capacitors in power supplies, and anywhere where a close tolerance is not needed, but high capacitance is necessary.  They have a maximum current rating which must not be exceeded, and are somewhat unreliable.  There are no alternatives.

  26. Low Leakage Electrolytic:  These are a "premium" version of standard electrolytic capacitors, and are used where relatively high capacitance is required, but leakage (DC current flow) is undesirable, even at very low values.  Tantalum:  Very high capacitance per unit volume, but probably the most unreliable capacitor ever made.  Bipolar Electrolytic:  Two polarised electrolytic capacitors in series, with the positive (or negative) terminals joined internally.  They are not especially reliable at any appreciable power. They are sometimes useful in circuits where a high value cap is needed, but there is little or no polarising voltage.  Oil/ Paper: These were used many years ago, and can still be found as motor start and power factor factor correction capacitors.  They are extremely rugged, and are self-healing.  They do not fail as a short circuit - any arc is extinguished by the oil, and the cap can continue to function normally after the excess voltage is removed.

  27. SMT Inductor Examples Wire-wound Inductors Wire-wound Inductors http://www.wordiq.com/definition/Inductor Ferrite drum wire-wound For More: http://www.cambion.co.uk/Main/catalogue_inductive.htm http://www.epcos.com/inf/30/db/emc_00/01810183.pdf

  28. Variable Inductor Example http://www.cambion.co.uk/Main/coilform-shielded.htm http://www.standexelectronics.com/products/low_frequency_magnetics.htm http://www.standexelectronics.com/products/high_frequency_magnetics.htm http://www.standexelectronics.com/products/insert_molded_rf_inductors.htm

  29. Inductor Code http://www.elexp.com/t_induct.htm Inductor Alphanumeric code (Similar to capacitor code):

  30. Series and Parallel Combinations

  31. Electronic Components Suppliers http://th.mouser.com/Home.aspx http://th.farnell.com/ http://www.digikey.com/ http://www.allelectronics.com/ http://www.yageo.com/portal/index.jsp http://thailand.rs-online.com/web/ http://www.es.co.th/ http://www.wt.co.th/ http://www.npe.co.th/web_npe/home.php http://www.thairohs.org/

  32. http://www.caddock.com/ http://www.ohmite.com/ http://www.vishay.com/ http://industrial.panasonic.com/ww/products_e/passive_electromech_e/passive_electromech_e.html http://www.elna.co.jp/en/capacitor/index.html http://www.rubycon.com/

  33. Active Electronic Components • Diodes • Transistors • Linear ICs • Digital ICs • Photonic Devices • RF & Microwave Devices • Power Devices • Special Purpose Devices etc.

  34. Diodes PN junction diode

  35. Diodes Bridge diode

  36. Diodes Zener diode

  37. Diodes A K Light Emitting Diodes

  38. Comparison of chip technologies for wide-angle, non-diffused LEDs

  39. Diodes LASER Diodes

  40. Transistors Bipolar Junction Transistor

  41. Transistors P-channel N-channel MOSFET dep JFET MOSFET enh Field Effect Transistors

  42. Linear ICs Digital ICs

  43. Photo Diodes Photo Transistors

  44. RF Devices RF Monolithic Microwave ICs (MMICs) DC – 2 GHz Amplifier

  45. Power Devices

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