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Cell Cycle & Checkpoints

Cell Cycle & Checkpoints. Lecture 1. Eukaryotic organisms. Heritable information is passed to the next generation via processes that include cell cycle and mitosis or meiosis plus fertilization. Cell Reproduction. Cell division (MITOSIS) process that forms new cells from one cell

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Cell Cycle & Checkpoints

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  1. Cell Cycle & Checkpoints Lecture 1

  2. Eukaryotic organisms • Heritable information is passed to the next generation via processes that include cell cycle and mitosis or meiosis plus fertilization

  3. Cell Reproduction Cell division (MITOSIS) process that forms new cells from one cell results in two cells that are identical to the original, parent cell.

  4. Importance of Cell Reproduction Growth (increase in size) Repair (replace dead or damaged cells) Asexual reproduction

  5. Cell Cycle Sequence of growth and division of a cell Growth period= Interphase Nuclear Division= mitosis

  6. Interphase Cell grows in size Carries on metabolism Chromosomes duplicate (synthesis of DNA) Preparation for mitosis (actual division into 2 identical cells)

  7. INTERPHASE = G1, S, G2 G2- Gap 2Grow Produce molecules & organelles needed for cell division MITOSIS G1- Gap 1Grow by producing proteins & organelles G0- Cell leaves cycle and stops dividingMost body cells in this phase S- Synthesis DNA replication Some can return to cycle with signal (external or internal signals) (Ex; Liver cells respond to injury)Some never divide again (Ex: Mature nerve, muscle cells)

  8. Cyclin-dependent kinases (Cdk’s) are present all the time but inactive unless combined with cyclins KINASES- Enzymes that workby adding a phosphate group to other molecules Presence of MPF (mitosis promoting factor) triggers passage past G1 & G 2 checkpoints

  9. Cyclin levels change throughout cell cycle Fluctuating levels of different Cyclin-Cdk complexesseem to control all stages of cell cycle

  10. Cyclin & Cyclin Dependent Kinases • Conserved through evolution • Genes are same across Eukaryotes

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