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Understanding Enzymes as Catalysts: Effects of Temperature and Denaturation

stasia avatar
stasia
29 diapositives · 454 Views · Aug 08, 2014

This lesson focuses on the role of enzymes as catalysts in biological reactions, emphasizing how temperature affects reaction rates and the denaturation of enzymes. Activities include analyzing the catalytic breakdown of triglycerides by lipase, discussing the characteristics of enzymes, and engaging with a Gizmo simulation. Students will identify substrates and products, understand enzyme specificity, and explore factors that alter enzyme activity. Upcoming assessments will cover enzymes' properties, with collaborative activities to deepen understanding.

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Understanding Enzymes as Catalysts: Effects of Temperature and Denaturation
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  1. Materials: 3 worksheets • Catalyst (5 min): • How did temperature affect the rate of a reaction as seen in our Gizmo? • What are 2 ways enzymes can be denatured?

  2. Materials: 2 half sheets and paper from yesterday • Catalyst: Identify the enzyme, substrate, and products in the following sentence. A triglyceride is broken down into glycerol and fatty acids by lipase.

  3. Elite Eight Trait Check-Up • Respect the Threshold • Everyone on time? • Silent for First Five? • Be Prepared (2 min) • Seated • Have materials • Working on catalyst

  4. Unit 1 Class Point Challenge • Period 1: .77 • Period 2: .88 • Period 4: .90 • Period 5: 1.28 Winners!!! • Period 6: .37 • Period 7: .76

  5. Class Motto If there is a problem,We look for a solution. If there is a better way,We find it. If we need help,We ask. If a teammate needs help,We give.

  6. Announcements • We will be talking about Science and Engineering Expo Projects on Thursday/Friday. Come with research question (I have some of yours) • Enzymes Quiz Tomorrow • Enzymes project due • Thursday: Periods 1, 2, 4, 6 • Friday: Periods 5, 7

  7. Standard • SB1b. Explain how enzymes function as catalysts.

  8. Recap • Catalysts speed up chemical reactions. • Enzymes are catalysts inliving things. • Catalysts and enzymes work by lowering the activation energy necessary for a reaction to occur.

  9. EA is lowered by the enzyme

  10. How are enzymes denatured? • Denatured = Destroyed • Enzymes are denatured by high temperatures and low pH (acids)

  11. Collision Theory Gizmo • How did temperature affect the speed of molecules in the Gizmo? • How would this change the reaction?

  12. So how would adding a catalyst affect the reaction? • Would it affect the speed of the molecules? • Would it affect the speed of the reaction?

  13. Objectives • I can explain what it means for an enzyme to be specific, unchanged, and reusable. • I can recall the two ways enzymes are denatured. • I can identify the parts of an enzyme/substrate complex. • I can summarize the importance of enzymes in living organisms.

  14. Notes 2.3: Enzymes and Catalysts • This is a continuation from last week! You may write on the same notes paper.

  15. Enzymes Substrate:the material that an enzyme binds to Enzyme-Substrate Complex: enzyme and substrate together Active site: location where the substrate binds on the enzyme

  16. Enzymes • Enzymes often end in “ase” • Lactase (breaks down lactose) • Helicase (unzips DNA) • Amylase (breaks down amylose) • Lipase (breaks down lipids)

  17. Enzymes (Think – Pair – Share) • What’s a substrate? • What do enzymes usually end in? • Is lactase an enzyme or a substrate? How do you know? • What do you predict is the substrate for the enzyme sucrase?

  18. Characteristics of Enzymes • Enzymes are: • Specific • Unchanged in a reaction • Reusable

  19. Characteristics of Enzymes Enzymes are specific: • They only work with one reaction • The enzyme and the substrate fit together like a lock and a key

  20. Video • Think: How does this game show related to the characteristics of enzymes?

  21. Characteristics of Enzymes

  22. Or you might see it like this… • You will have to be ready to read a variety of different diagrams

  23. Enzymes (Think – Pair – Share) • What is an enzyme? • What does it mean to say that enzymes are specific? • What does it mean to say that enzymes are reusable? • Why are enzymes important?

  24. Enzymes What is structure X? What is structure Y? What is structure Z?

  25. Cystic Fibrosis Gaucher's Disease Low Stomach Acid Inflammatory Bowel Disease/Syndrome Intestinal Inflammation Ulcerative Colitis Ulcers Acne Gingivitis Sprue Pancreatic Insufficiency Enzyme Disorders*LEL (Low Enzyme Levels) is America's & the world’s number one cause of sickness and death.*Inhibitors are molecules that decrease enzyme activity, and activators are molecules that increase activity. Drugs and poisons are often enzyme inhibitors.

  26. Classwork 2.3: Enzymes • You will have 15 minutes to work on this assignment. • Graded for accuracy!

  27. Enzymes Project Objective: Manipulate enzyme cut outs to represent a chemical reaction in our body. Directions: 2 people at each table start with part A and 2 people start cutting. Then switch!

  28. Panther Pass • What do enzymes do? • What does it mean to say that enzymes are “specific”? • What are the 2 ways enzymes are denatured? • Which of the following statements best describes enzymes? • Enzymes cannot be reused after a reaction • Enzymes are organic catalysts • Enzymes slow down chemical reactions • Enzymes can bind to any substrate