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Issues Behind the Revolutionary War

This overview explores the critical issues behind the Revolutionary War, particularly focusing on British policies that sparked colonial unrest. From the initial Policy of Salutary Neglect to heavy taxation exemplified by the Sugar Act and Stamp Act, colonists reacted against what they perceived as unfair practices, embodying the sentiment of "No taxation without representation." The imposition of the Townsend Acts and the Boston Massacre further intensified tensions, ultimately leading to key events like the Boston Tea Party and the formation of the First Continental Congress as colonists united against British oppression.

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Issues Behind the Revolutionary War

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  1. Issues Behind the Revolutionary War

  2. British Policies • Policy of salutary neglect originally allowed colonies some econ. freedom • But, Brit. began to prevent colonies from manufacturing goods b/c it wanted profits from selling goods to colonies

  3. Heavy Taxation • 1763-colonists most heavily taxed ppl in world • Sugar Act (1764)- cut duty on foreign molasses in half, hoping that this would encourage Amers to buy more and thus pay more Brit taxes • Many rules to ensure compliance: • Ship owners seized if didn’t pay duties • Brit navy patrolled coast to prevent smuggling • Smuggling cases tried in Britain rather than colonial courts

  4. More Acts • Quartering Act (early 1765)- required colonies to provide housing and supplies for Brit. Troops that remained in Amer. after Fr and Ind War • Stamp Act (March 1765)- placed tax on newspapers, pamphlets, legal docs, most other printed materials • 1st time Brit govt taxed colonists for sole purpose of raising money

  5. “No taxation without representation” • Said colonists deserved same rights and liberties as Brit subjects in Brit • Sons of Liberty tarred and feathered tax collectors • Nov. 1765, when Stamp Act to take effect, most distributors had already fled or resigned • Brit. PM Grenville forced from office and Parl repealed Stamp Act

  6. More taxes w/o rep. • 1767- Townsend Acts- import taxes on lead, paper, tea, paint, glass • Colonists boycotted it

  7. Boston Massacre • To put down violent resistance to act, Brit sent troops to Boston • Boston Massacre- March 5, 1770- unruly crowd threatened Brit soldiers • Soldiers opened fire on crowd, 5 people left dead or dying in snow • Soon after Massacre Townsend Acts cancelled

  8. Boston Tea Party • May 1773- Parl passed the Tea Act- gave British East India Company the right to sell its tea in America w/o paying normal taxes • Drove American tea merchants out of business • Boston Tea Party- group of colonists disguised as Inds boarded 3 tea ships in Boston and broke open every crate on board and threw tea into the harbor

  9. First Continental Congress • 1774- to punish colonists, Brit passed Coercive Acts, called Intolerable Acts by colonists • Closed Boston Harbor until Boston paid for tea destroyed by Boston tea party • As a result, colonists formed the First Continental Congress to plan united response • Meeting of 56 delegates from every colony except GA • Renewed boycott • Called on ppl of all colonies to arm themselves and form militias • Made direct appeal to King about grievances

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