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Research Methods

Research Methods. Dr. Beth Hannah. Action Enquiry Symposium Norton House 7 th June 2016. Why undertake research?. What are you going to research?. Literature Search and Review. Reasons for literature s earch. (Hart, 2001). How to search the literature?. Research question(s)

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Research Methods

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  1. Research Methods Dr. Beth Hannah Action Enquiry Symposium Norton House 7th June 2016

  2. Why undertake research?

  3. What are you going to research?

  4. Literature Search and Review

  5. Reasons for literature search (Hart, 2001)

  6. How to search the literature? • Research question(s) • Plan the search • Knowledge of sources (indexes, databases etc.) • Maintain accurate record of search • Select potentially useful material • Read and appraise material to extract relevant information

  7. Where to source literature? • Google Scholar • BPS members • Psychsource provides single point of access to BPS resources including journals, books and multimedia • Free online access to 11 BPS journals and 32 Wiley Blackwell publications • EBSCO Psychology & Behavioural Sciences Collection (PBSC)- journals database • University library-a number offer walk-in access • Local library • Access to research website http://www.accesstoresearch.org.uk/ • View journals you can access http://eg9wt9kh6b.search.serialssolutions.com/

  8. How will you undertake research?

  9. Adapted from Grix (2002)

  10. Ontology

  11. Epistemology

  12. Methodology

  13. Nature of Enquiry Subjectivist approach Objectivist approach Ontology Epistemology Human nature Methodology Diagram from Cohen et al. (2011) based on work by Burrell and Morgan (1979)

  14. What methodology do you use?

  15. Quantitative Approaches to Enquiry • Experimental • True • Quasi • Survey • Cross-sectional • Longitudinal

  16. Qualitative Approaches to Enquiry • Ethnography • Grounded theory • Case study • Phenomenological research • Narrative

  17. Mixed Methods Approaches to Enquiry • Collection and analysis of quantitative and qualitative data in a single study • Rationale • Recognition that all methods have limitations • Endeavour to utilise range of methods to neutralise biases in a single method • Triangulation of data • Sources • Types • Procedures for mixed methods • Sequential • Concurrent • Transformative

  18. Research Designs for a Purpose: Evaluation Research “An evaluation is a study which has a distinctive purpose; it is not a new or different research strategy” (Robson, 2011, p.176) • Real world research to assess effects and effectiveness of service, intervention etc. • Often commissioned work • Can employ different research designs and methods • Political and ethical dimensions • Formative and summative • Process and outcome

  19. Research Designs for a Purpose: Action Research • Purpose • Promote organisational change • Lead to improvement in: • practice • understanding of practice by practitioners • situation where practice takes place • Who is the researcher? • External researcher • Co-researchers (participatory action research) • Practitioners as researchers

  20. What methods do you use?

  21. Methods • Interviews (structured and unstructured) • Surveys (may use questionnaires) • Questionnaires • Non-participative and participative observation • Focus Groups • Document analysis (written and visual) • Video • Standardized assessment instruments

  22. Which data can you collect?

  23. What will you do with the findings?

  24. References • British Psychological Society. (2009). Code of ethics and conduct. Leicester: Author. • British Psychological Society. (2014). Code of human research ethics. Leicester: Author. • Cresswell, J.W. (2009). Research design: Qualitative, quantitative and mixed methods approaches (3rd ed.). London: Sage Publications. • Cohen,L., Manion,L., & Morrison, K. (2011). Research methods in education (7th ed.). London: Routledge. • Dockett,S., Einarsdóttir, J., & Perry, B. (2011). Balancing methodologies and methods in researching with young children. In D. Harcourt, B. Perry, & T. Waller (Eds.), Researching young children’s perspectives (pp. 68-81). London: Routledge. • Grix, J. (2002) Introducing students to the generic terminology of social research. Politics, 23 (3), 175-186.

  25. References • Hart, C. (2001). Doing a literature search. London: Sage Publications. • Health and Care Professions Council (HCPC). (2015).Standards of proficiency practitioner psychologists. London: Author. • Hofer, B.K. (2001). Personal epistemology research: Implications for learning and teaching, Journal of Educational Psychology Review, 13(4), 353-383. • Johnson, R.B., Onwuegbuzie, A.J., & Turner, L.A. (2007). Towards a definition of mixed methods research. Journal of Mixed Methods Research, 1(2), 112-133. • Punch, K.F. (2014). Introduction to social research: Quantitative and qualitative approaches. London: Sage Publications. • Robson, C. (2011). Real world research: a resource for users of social research methods in applied settings. (3rded.) Chichester: Wiley

  26. Any questions?

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