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Achieving Semantic Interoperability through Controlled Annotations

This article discusses the use of domain-specific ontologies and controlled annotations to improve semantic interoperability on the web, addressing the lack of logical connectivity in data exchange. It explores the challenges and benefits of developing ontologies, cross-language compatibility, necessary infrastructure components, and the potential impact on the semantic web.

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Achieving Semantic Interoperability through Controlled Annotations

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  1. Achieving Semantic Interoperability through Controlled Annotations Michael Gertz Department of Computer Science University of California, Davis gertz@cs.ucdavis.edu

  2. Interoperability —The Facts • There is a high degree of physical connectivity on the Web, i.e., in terms of exchanging bits and bytes among heterogeneous information sources. • There is a lack of logical connectivity, i.e., the meaningful exchange, integration, and querying of data. • Metadata are supposed to help adding more semantics to data, but are not frequently used. • What are appropriate metadata schemes that help users and creators of Digital Libraries to create and utilize metadata?

  3. The Idea • Build domain specific ontologies (richer than standard vocabularies); ontologies contain concepts, terms, definitions, and semantic relationships among concepts. • Allow users to associate concepts from ontology with data found on Web pages and sites, at different levels of granularity. • Such associations are called annotations, providing meaningful and well-defined metadata. • Relationships modeled in ontology are inherited to annotated Web data (semantic browsing)

  4. Cell type B An Example • Collection of Monkey Brain Images terms properties relationships spatial temporal semantic Data as on the Web Ontology

  5. Browser Java Client Annotation server Annotation server Web Repository Ontology repository The Architecture HTTP HTTP HTTP

  6. The Major Questions • Are users and creators of Digital Libraries willing to develop ontologies and use them to annotate data? • How difficult is it to develop cross-language ontologies? • What are necessary and useful components of a respective infrastructure? Does XML provide a basis? • What types of annotations do users want to make? • What are behavior models users employ to make and use annotations? • Do annotations lead to the so-called semantic Web?

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