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Understanding the Nile Valley and Early Egyptian Civilization**

In Chapter 2, Section 1 of the Nile Valley study, we explore the historical significance of the Nile River from 6000 BC to the formation of united Egypt in 3100 BC. This section highlights the impact of the Nile's flooding on agriculture, leading to advancements in farming techniques and social structures. Readers will learn about the daily life of ancient Egyptians, including their social classes, family life, and innovations such as hieroglyphics. This chapter sets the foundation for understanding Egypt's remarkable civilization that flourished by harnessing the resources of the Nile.

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Understanding the Nile Valley and Early Egyptian Civilization**

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  1. Topic #4 – The Nile ValleyChapter 2 Section 1 • RAP: Look in your text book and write down 3 things you will learn in Chapter 2 Section 1 (pages 34-46).

  2. Chapter 2 Section 1“The Nile Valley”

  3. Topic #4 – The Nile ValleyChapter 2 Section 1 Settling the Nile • Between 6000 BC and 5000 BC, hunters and food gatherers moved into the region • The Nile is the world’s longest river (4,000 miles long) • River delta is the most fertile area • Surrounded by desert with Mediterranean Sea to north and the Red Sea to east (good for trade and protection…why?)

  4. The River People • Regular, gentle flooding made it easier for Egyptians to farm better and live more securely • Planted wheat, barley, and flax • Used irrigation systems to trap flood water and dug canals from the basins to the farm lands • Developed tools and methods to improve farming and lifestyle (ex- shadoof, surveying, papyrus) • Developed form of writing called hieroglyphics

  5. Topic #4 – The Nile ValleyWIO • Answer the questions: • Page 39 – Geography skills #1 and #2 • Page 40 – Summarize • Page 42 - Identify

  6. Topic #4 – The Nile Valley RAP: Answer the Study Guide questions 1-5. Mini Quiz on Friday!

  7. A United Egypt • Villages united to form small kingdoms - later formed into larger kingdoms. • 3100 BC, the two kingdoms united under Narmer • Egypt would be ruled by 31 dynasties (empires or rulers) over a period of 2800 years • By 4000 BC, Egypt was made up of two large kingdoms: Lower and Upper Egypt

  8. A United Egypt • 3 main time periods: • Old Kingdom • Middle Kingdom • New Kingdom

  9. Early Egyptian Life Egypt’s Social Classes Pharaoh Priests and nobles Traders, artisans, shopkeepers, and scribes Farmers and Herders Unskilled Workers

  10. Family Life • Men: head of the family • Women: could own and pass on property, buy and sell goods, make wills, and obtain divorces (upper class women were in charge of temples and could perform religious ceremonies) • Few children went to school (daughters were taught household duties and boys learned farming or skilled trades)

  11. Topic #4 – The Nile ValleyWIO • Read Chapter 2 section 1. • Answer Questions p 46, 1-6 only

  12. TOPIC #5 - The Old Kingdom Chapter 2 Section 2 RAP: Define the vocabulary

  13. Topic #5 Egypt’s Old KingdomChapter 2 Section 2 • 2600 BC-2300 BC • Egypt grew and prospered: built cities, expanded trade, and set up strong governments • Capital: Memphis • Pharaoh: his word is law!!!

  14. Why follow the Pharaoh? • People believed the unity of the kingdom depended on a strong leader. • The Pharaoh was the son of sun god Re. • Thought their pharaoh was a god on earth who controlled Egypt

  15. Egypt’s Religion • Worshipped many deities (gods) and believed they controlled nature and human activities (polytheistic!) • Important gods: Re, Hapi, Isis, and Osiris • Believed in life after death

  16. Egypt’s Religion (cont.) • Egyptians studied the Book of the Dead to get life after death • Embalming and mummification • Created first medical books which increased knowledge of the human body

  17. Topic #5 Egypt’s Old KingdomWIO *Write a step-by-step Comic Strip for “Making a Mummy”. Follow the directions according to the worksheet. *Use details from the text pages 49-50, “Life After Death”. *Include the following vocabulary words: deities, embalming, mummy.

  18. Topic #5 Egypt’s Old Kingdom Today’s RAP 1) Why did the pharaohs hold so much power? 2) Copy the chart and identify each of the following gods: (page 49) QUIZ ON FRIDAY!!! Chapter 2 Section 2

  19. Topic #5 Egypt’s Old Kingdom The Pyramids • Protect and preserve bodies of dead pharaohs so they could move on to the afterlife. • Took thousands of people and many years to build. • Square base with entrance facing north! • Moved huge stone blocks sometimes 100’s of miles to Nile River and floated them to the building sites.

  20. Topic #5 Egypt’s Old Kingdom The Pyramids (cont.) • Construction required great math skills • Base 10 number system • 365 day calendar • Geometry and fractions

  21. The Great Pyramidone of the “7 Wonders of the World” • Stands 500 feet high (size of a 48 story building) • 9 football fields wide • 2 million stone blocks, 2.5 tons each • No help from tools, beasts of burden, or even the wheel!

  22. Topic #5 Egypt’s Old KingdomWIO • Work on your comic strip for making a mummy! Due on Friday!! • Study for Mini Quiz Ch. 2.2 on Friday!!

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