Thematic Areas Agenda 2020 Nanotechnology Work Group Dan Coughlin; Sappi Fine Paper

1. Thematic Areas Agenda 2020 Nanotechnology Work Group Dan Coughlin; Sappi Fine Paper Ted Wegner; USDA Forest Products Lab Phil Jones: Imerys

2. Moving Nanotechnology Forward in the Forest Products Sector-continued • Key Linkages-AF&PA Agenda 2020(Industry)/ Universities with emphases on nanomaterials and nanobiotechnology/ National Nanotechnology Initiative

3. National Nanotechnology Initiative – CBAN Activities(Consultative Board For Advancing Nanotechnology) • CBAN Charter Approved by NNI & AF&PA Agenda 2020 • Federal Agencies co-signing • USDA Forest Service • USDA CSREES • NIST • EPA • OSTP/NSET

4. National Nanotechnology Initiative – CBAN Activities • CBAN Meeting February 21, 2007 • Six Nano-Focus Areas Discussed • Short term NIST-MEP activities & other Agency activities discussed • Translation of Six Focus Area goals into Underlying science Grand Challenges • Agenda 2020/Federal agency/University Wizards workshop

5. Actions from CBAN Meeting • MEP- short term opportunities • Ted Maher • Elliot Levine DOE/EERE/IPP • Rick Brenner USDA / ARS / OTT • World Nieh FS • Wizard’s Workshop - Technology translation • Anne Chaka NIST • Ted Wegner FS • Dan Pitkin NIST • Clara Asmail NIST OTP • Rick Brenner USDA ARS OTT • Specific Opportunities • Industrial Fluids Consortium Anne Chaka NIST • SBIR Offices • Nora Savage EPA • Charles Cleland USDA CSREES SBIR • Elliott Levine DOE • Ed Rios - TMS/DOE-ITP • James Rudd NSF • Land Grant Colleges through CSREES, ARS, BBCC • Honda Chen USDA • Ted Wegner FS

6. Task Group Program of Work: Roadmap extension • Focus Area 1: Improve strength weight performance • -40% fewer materials for same performance • -60# performance with 45# CWF • -Mechanical (bonding ) and optical performances • Focus Area 2: Forest Nanomaterials • -Liberation and use of nano-cellulose • -Other nanomaterials from bio-resource • -Non covalent disassembly/reassembly nano-fractionalization and nano-catalysis for separations; • -Entropic effects in the assembly and disassembly of nanomaterials in forestry • Focus Area 3 : Understanding the control of water-lignocellulose interaction for modification of properties • -Water removal and in the end product • -Energy cost of water, fiber swell in the presence of water • -Control and manipulation of hydrogen bonding (7 types) • -Control of mechanosorptive behavior • -Water repelling, barriers • -Control of degradation • -Control/modification of surface chemistry Six Nano-Focus Areas identified

7. Six Nano-Focus Areas Focus Area 4: Inorganic-organic nanocomposites nanoscale surface modification - Paper, MDF, OSB are all composite materials -Compatibilization of hydrophilic/hydrophobic materials -Interactions at nano-scale Focus Area 5:- Photonics and Electronic/Piezo properties -100 % Opacity Focus Area 6: -Modifications for energy efficiency : Process related -Low temperature nano-catalysis with nanomaterials in pulping and other chemical reactions with wood and fiber -Nanoscale mixing of chemicals with fiber -Water removal in pressing and drying -Structural materials with lower corrosion rates -Nano pores in felts for water removal -Low corrosion materials Preparing draft write-ups (5 – 8 pages)

8. Focus Area #1 Improved Strength / Weight Performance

9. Dematerialization US #5 coated paper grades Source RISI 2005

10. Time Magazine Paper Usage Source, Faust, Time Inc 2006

11. Bio-mimetic Processes Leveraging Bio-Technology:Photonics Light interacts with features similar in size with its wavelength Photonics Developing New Materials to interact with Light in Precise Ways Source: Belcher et al 1999 Inverse Opal Source: Busch & John 2000 Source Sambles 2001

12. From Griffith Crack theory h*= critical length scale a2gEm s2th h*= h*= 30nm h is mineral plate thickness Source Gao, Fratzl et al PNAS 2003 At approx 30 nm thickness plates have close to theoretical strengthcrystal defects have little effect Source: Belcher et al 1999 Source Aizenberg et al, Science 2005

13. Scanning Tunneling Microscope (STM) Atomic resolution image of Si{111}7x7 Scanning tunneling microscopes allow surfaces to be imaged at the atomic-scale Schematic of the scanning tunneling microscope

14. Lateral Resolution Digital Instruments ~ $150k Pacific Nanotechnology - $65k SDS on PCC Topography 0.19 um image 0.18 nm pixels Resolution limited to a few nm by vibration Unit cell marked – 0.535 nm Phase delay between drive and oscillation, damped by energy transfer, Van der Waals? RR9007/1 Atomic Force Measurement of Kaolin Coated Papers

15. Molecular Manipulation

16. Measuring Strength of Molecules

17. Nano-Dimensions: Coating Clay 100 nm Nano-Fibrils

18. After Hubbe 2006

19. After Hubbe 2006

20. After Hubbe 2006

21. After Hubbe 2006

22. E2 d23 E1(d3+d23) 12 12 d1 d d2 d1 Stiffness, S = + E is elastic modulus E1 E2 E1 E for regular coating 0.6 GN/m2 E for “Contour” coating 2 GN/ m2 High strength coatings have a dramatic effect on stiffness

24. = 4 pph latex Blends of clay with GCC Fine platey kaolin (E) Fine blocky kaolin (D) • Significant strength benefit from fine platey clay, even at low levels • of addition

25. Rigidity of LWC papers coated with blocky and platey clays Platey clay (C) Blocky clay (A) • Enhanced stiffness from platey clay coating • Correlates with tensile results

27. Focus Area #5 Photonic and Electronic Effects

28. Optical Effects: Photonics

29. Bio-mimetic Processes Leveraging Bio-Technology:Photonics Light interacts with features similar in size with its wavelength Photonics Developing New Materials to interact with Light in Precise Ways Source: Belcher et al 1999 Inverse Opal Source: Busch & John 2000 Source Sambles 2001

34. Optical efficiency • Beetle outperforms mineral coating layers at same coat weight • Requires twice the thickness of PCC to match beetle's optical performance

35. Electronic Effects: Piezo……...