South Asia Earthquake: Transition from Relief to Development

1. South Asia Earthquake: Transition from Relief to Development Presented by: Haoliang Xu, UNDP Country Director For UN Country Team, Pakistan Joint Executive Board of UNDP, UNFPA, UNICEF and WFP New York, 20 January 2006

2. UNCT Pakistan Presentation at Joint EB Session on 20 January 2006 In this Presentation • Earthquake Damages • UN Country Team Experience in Pakistan • Flash Appeal and Cluster System • Early Recovery Cluster and Early Recovery Framework • Transition: From Relief to Development • Concept: Relief, Early Recovery and Reconstruction • What Transition: Focus, Institutions, Roles and Information Systems • Lessons Learnt • Coordination • Early Recovery as Transition Strategy • Country Office Capacity

3. UNCT Pakistan Presentation at Joint EB Session on 20 January 2006 Initial Damage Assessment

4. UNCT Pakistan Presentation at Joint EB Session on 20 January 2006 Initial Damage Assessment (cont’d)

5. UNCT Pakistan Presentation at Joint EB Session on 20 January 2006 UN Country Team Experience in PakistanFlash Appeal and Cluster System • Eleven clusters were formed under prioritized themes immediately after the arrival of UNDAC: • Cluster Chaired by: • Cluster Coordinator OCHA • Nutrition WFP • Water /Sanitation UNICEF • Health WHO • Emergency Shelter IOM • IT/Communication WFP • Logistics WFP • Camp Management UNHCR • Protection UNICEF • Education UNICEF • Early Recovery UNDP • Also led by Federal Relief Commission and co-chaired by government counterparts

6. UNCT Pakistan Presentation at Joint EB Session on 20 January 2006 UN Country Team Experience in Pakistan: Flash Appeal and Cluster System (cont’d) National Level NGOs National & Local Authorities • Effective Civil-Military Cooperation • Information Sharing • Action Planning • Decision Making! UN Agencies Field/Humanitarian Hub Level

7. UNCT Pakistan Presentation at Joint EB Session on 20 January 2006 UN Country Team Experience in Pakistan: Early Recovery Cluster and Early Recovery Framework • Early Recovery • Augmenting ongoing humanitarian assistance • Supporting spontaneous recovery efforts • Preparing the ground for sustainable long-term reconstruction • Reducing future disaster risks • Early Recovery Cluster • Inter-agency Standing Committee in Geneva • Regular Early Recovery Cluster meetings in Islamabad • Pilot Early Recovery Cluster meetings at field level • Start planning for early recovery as soon as possible.

8. UNCT Pakistan Presentation at Joint EB Session on 20 January 2006 UN Country Team Experience in Pakistan: Early Recovery Cluster and Early Recovery Framework (cont’d) • Early Recovery Framework: • Needs Assessment and Recovery Planning • Process: • 60 professionals from Government, NGOs, Private Sector and UN Agencies • Two multi-sectoral teams with expertise in Housing, Livelihoods, Agriculture, Education, Financial Services, Disaster Risk Reduction, Environment, Governance, Health, and Infrastructure • Sector-specific questionnaires, semi-structured interviews and direct observation techniques • Objectives: • Assess key vulnerabilities • Identify spontaneous early recovery efforts • devise strategies to strengthen local self-help capacities • Identify key programmes to facilitate transition from relief to reconstruction

9. UNCT Pakistan Presentation at Joint EB Session on 20 January 2006 UN Country Team Experience in Pakistan: Early Recovery Cluster and Early Recovery Framework (cont’d) • Guiding principles for the Early Recovery Framework • 1. Focus on the most vulnerable • 2. Restore capacities • 3. Rebuild people’s livelihoods • 4. Secure human development gains • 5. Reduce disaster risk • 6. Engage the private sector • 7. Independence and self-sufficiency • 8. Transparency and accountability • 9. Subsidiarity and decentralization • 10. Coordination

10. UNCT Pakistan Presentation at Joint EB Session on 20 January 2006 Transition: From Relief to Development Concept: Relief, Early Recovery and Reconstruction Early Recovery UN Framework Reconstruction WB/ADB report Relief UN Flash Appeal 6 months 12-18 months 3-5 years

11. UNCT Pakistan Presentation at Joint EB Session on 20 January 2006 Transition: From Relief to Development Transition of Focus, Institutions, Roles and Information Systems Transition of Focus: From Saving Lives to Restoring Livelihoods Transition of Institutions: From FRC to ERRA; New Clusters Early Recovery UN Framework Relief UN Flash Appeal Reconstruction WB/ADB report Transition of Roles: Stronger government lead in Clusters, etc. 6 months Transition of Information Systems: Moving toward DAD & M&E 12-18 months 3-5 years

12. Humanitarian Assistance Early Recovery Coordination (OCHA) Early Recovery Sector Working Groups Food & Nutrition (WFP) Phase Out Employment. Livelihoods, Agriculture* Info & Telecom (OCHA/UNICEF/WFP) Environment* Camp Management (UNHCR) Governance & Disaster Reduction* Logistics (WFP) Education (UNICEF) Logistics* Transition Health (WHO) Education* Early Recovery (UNDP) Early Recovery (UNDP) Health* Protection (UNICEF) Protection UNCT Pakistan Presentation at Joint EB Session on 20 January 2006 Transition: From Relief to Development What Transition: IASC Recommendation and ERRA Plan Emergency Shelter (IOM) Transitional Shelter* ERRA Plan on future clusters Water & Sanitation (UNICEF) Water & Sanitation*

13. UNCT Pakistan Presentation at Joint EB Session on 20 January 2006 UN Country Team Experience in Pakistan: Lessons Learnt: Coordination • Government’s leadership has been key: the cluster effectiveness improved significantly after the national counterparts took ownership • Regular communication between the Government, civil society and UN Agencies is crucial, but focused on decision making with clusters as the instrument • Efficient information management at sectoral, cluster and macro level goes a long way to ensuring optimal resource planning

14. UNCT Pakistan Presentation at Joint EB Session on 20 January 2006 UN Country Team Experience in Pakistan: Lessons Learnt: Early Recovery as a Transition Strategy • Focus on early recovery can be an effective strategy for transition from relief to development • Addressing early recovery issues in the Flash Appeal allows early focus on early recovery • As in relief, UN Agencies need to mobilize resources and capacities early on to be able to provide effective assistance for early recovery

15. UNCT Pakistan Presentation at Joint EB Session on 20 January 2006 UN Country Team Experience in Pakistan: Lessons Learnt: Country Office Capacity • Pooling of resources from within UN system and networking with other partners provides a good level of capacity in a reasonably rapid time frame • Agencies need to have the capacity to turn the initial surge capacity into sustained human resource capacity for the country offices • UN Agencies are challenged to have adequate stand-by capacities for emergency response, both financially and in human resource terms The case of Pakistan demonstrates UN reform in action at the field level. The upcoming Real Time Evaluation of the cluster system provides an opportunity to ensure that the collaborative mechanisms continue in the transition phase as well as beyond.