Nanotechnology Research in Chemical & Biomolecular Engineering

1. Nanotechnology Research in Chemical & Biomolecular Engineering Participating faculty:Ruben Carbonell (photoresists, bioseparations, coatings) Joe DeSimone (PRINT nano particle fabrication) Michael Dickey (nanoelectronics, nano-fabrication, theory) Jan Genzer (polymers at interfaces, assembly, theory) Keith Gubbins (transport in porous media) Carol Hall (pattern recognition, protein aggregation) Saad Khan (polymer rheology, associative polymers) Henry Lamb (catalysis, electronic materials) Greg Parsons (molecular electronics, solar energy) Rich Spontak (polymer morphology, processing, blends) Orlin Velev (nanodevice fabrication, colloidal science)

2. “nanotopics” of interest in NCSU’s CBE Bio-colloids Microfluidics Bulk & surface assembly Energy harvesting Electronic materials Combinatorial research Biointerfaces Chemical pattern recognition Organic/inorganic nanocomposites Computer simulations vs. experiment Chemical & topographical control of surfaces Molecular transportation

3. Self-organizing systems • Block and graft copolymers • Functionalized polymers • Asphaltenic aggregates • Nanoparticles • Patterning • Interfacial modification • Self-assembly and forced assembly • Combinatorial polymer-grafted surfaces • Hierarchical dewetting and stabilization • Nanocomposites & nanoporous media • Nanofiller-induced physical gelation • Controlled nanoparticle growth • Adsorption phenomena & separations • Nanoparticle assemblies • Novel materials processing • Cryomechanical alloying • Polymerizations in scCO2 • Thin-film foaming in scCO2 • Electric field-induced material • organization 2 mm

4. Nanoscience Concentration @ NCSU’s CBE For students who wish to develop expertise in the technology associated with nanoelectronics, nanotechnology, and functional nanomaterials • In addition to the “core CHE courses”, the nanoscience concentration includes: • Chemical Processing of Electronic Materials • Colloid & Surface Science • Polymeric Nanomaterials CHE/MSE 455 Polymer Technology and Engineering  CHE 460: Nano-Electronic Materials           CHE 461: Polymer Sciences and Technology CHE 462: Fundamentals of Bio-Nanotechnology CHE 465: Colloidal and Nanoscale Engineering CHE 467: Polymer Rheology CHE596-006: Nanoscience           CHE 596-008: Polymers at Interfaces and in Confined Geometries MSE 355: Electrical, Magnetic & Optical Properties of Materials                  MSE 460: Microelectronic Materials PY 407: Intro to Modern Physics          

5. “There is plenty of room at the bottom” “The principles of physics, as far as I can see, do not speak against the possibility of maneuvering things atom by atom…… it is interesting that it would be, in principle possible for a physicist to synthesize any chemical substance that the chemist writes down. Give the orders, and physicist synthesizes it. How? Put the atoms where the chemist says, and so you make the substance” Courtesy of the Archives, Caltech Meso-scale Richard Feynman Nobel Laureate Caltech, 1959 1 m “Top down” approach - Lithography 100 nm 10 nm 1 nm “Bottom-up” approach - Chemical Synthesis 1 Å Atomic/Subatomic scale A.N. Shipway et al., Chemphyschem, 2001

6. History of a humankind in a more blunt perspective… Historic Periods: (1 day in our calendar 30 real years) Neolithic 9000BC Jan 1 Bronze 3200BC Jul 5 Iron 1200BC Sep 10 (steel) 1850 Dec 27 Silicon 1950 Dec 30 (semiconductors) (10 AM) Synthetic 1990 Dec 31 (polymers, superconductors,...) (4 PM) Humans appear on Earth about 230 days ago and live in caves until early May ! (I fear that some people still live there now…)   Nanotechnology: the last few minutes of December 31st !

7. If you want to get more info about nanotechnology or even get inspiration about possible applications, check out this special issue of Scientific American Some of the applications outlined there may be rather “far fetched”, but it’s okay… one never really knows…

9. Before we start building these nanomachines or even start thinking about doing so, we have to learn about surfaces and surface patterns. Let’s start then…

10. Promise of nanotechnology (M. Roco, Senior NSF and government advisor) • Knowledge basebetter comprehension of nature, life • A new world of products ~ $1 trillion / year in 10-15 years Materials beyond what chemistry can do: $340B/yin 10 years for materials and processingElectronics in 10-15 years: $300B/y for semiconductor industry, times more for global integrated circuitsPharmaceuticals in 10-15 years: about half of production will depend on nanotechnology, affecting about$180 B/y Chemical plants in 10-15 years: nanostructured catalysts in petroleum and chemical processing, about$100B/y Aerospace: (about $70B/y in 10 years, estimation by industry group) • Would require worldwide ~ 2 million nanotech workers • Improved healthcareextend life-span, its quality, human physical capabilities (~ $31B in tools for healthcare in 10 years) • Sustainabilityagriculture, water, energy (~$45B/y in 10 years), materials, environment; ex: lighting energy reduction ~ 10% or $100B/y Ref: Societal Implications of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, Kluwer, 2001, pp. 3-4. M.C. Roco, NSF, 05/23/02

11. Areas that already see (or could do so shortly) of commercial applications of nanotechnology NANOTECH: The Tiny Revolution 2001-2002 CMP Cientifica

12. Do “ChEM-ies” fit into the NANO-world? Absolutely YES. Many new great opportunities exist for growth, development, and progress in traditional areas… + NANO! Traditional Chemical Engineering morphed into many new fields… And it pays off! Graduates with B.S in Chemical Engineering (“universal engineers”) are the highest paid engineers in the US (starting $63K in 2012) Wheel of fortune!