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The General Directorate of civil defense disinfection branch operations management and handling of hazardous materials. Preparation:

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  1. The General Directorate of civil defense disinfection branch operations management and handling of hazardous materials Preparation: FIRST LIEUTINANT CHEMICAL ENGINEER QASIM AL KHULAQI The HEAD of HAZMAT branch member of the National Committee for the Prohibition of Weapons of Mass Destruction

  2. CONTENT TABLE 1. Definition of Hazardous materials 2. Types of Hazardous materials 3.Indentifaction of presence of Hazardous materials 4. Chemical Weapons (CW) 5.Biologcal Weapons 6.Radiation Materials 7.Types of companies and warehouses in Kingdom of Bahrain 8.Hazmat Team 9.Scenario and exercises done by hazmat team 10.Equipments of hazmat team and strategy of response for hazardous materials. 11.Stages in process of Civil Defense.

  3. Definition of Hazardous Materials A hazardous material is any item or agent (biological, chemical, radiological), which has the potential to cause harm to humans, animals, or the environment, either by itself or through interaction with other factors.

  4. Types of hazardous material 1. Flammable liquids: Liquids that catch fire on normal working temperatures . It ignites with the mixture of their vapors and air. Examples: petrol , methanol etc . 2. Oxidizing substances: substances that provide oxygen to other substances to ignite by gaining its electrons. Examples: nitric acid , potassium nitrate.

  5. Types of hazardous material 3.Corrosive substances: A corrosive substance is one that will destroy and damage other substances with which it comes into contact. It effects living tissue and also burns if swallowed. Examples: Acids , bases etc. 4. Toxic substances: substances that harm any individuals if it enters the body through breathing or in contact . Examples: mercury, sulphuric acid.

  6. Types of hazardous material 5. radioactive materials: * Divided into alpha, beta, gamma and neutron *Damage caused by radioactive materials: .Cancer .Radiation .Burns

  7. Types of hazardous materials 6. Explosive materials: materials that contain huge amount of energy that produce an explosion which is combined with light, heat, sound and pressure. Examples : TNT,IED etc. 7. Gases: *Flammable gases: Gases that burns in the presence of an oxygen when provided with a source of ignition. Examples: propane etc. *Compressed gases are filled into containers under high pressure. Examples: LPG *Toxic gases: gases that harmful to an individual if inhaled. Examples Chlorine gas

  8. Types of hazardous material 8. Flammable solids: A material that can catch fire by friction, moisture absorption, chemical reaction. Its one of the most serious hazardous material.

  9. Chemical weapons Toxic chemicals that are contained in a bomb or shell are known as chemical weapons. Some chemical weapons can kill the human life where as others reduce the ability to fight it. • Blister agents • Blood agents • Choking agents • Nerve agents

  10. العوامل المقرحة (BLISTER AGENT) Exposure of blister agent is mainly through breathing or skin contact. They rapidly kill the cells, form oily colorless bubbles on skin that smells like onion or garlic . Symptoms of exposure may be immediate or delayed until several hours after exposure Examples: mustard (MUSTER GAS)

  11. العوامل الدامية(BLOOD AGENTS) A blood agent is a toxic chemical agent that affects the body by being absorbed into the blood. They enter the body through inhaling or swallowing It smells like Almonds and colorless. *Symptoms of feeling weak, headache, nausea and throat and exposure to large quantities leads to loss of consciousness within seconds. *Causing convulsions to minutes before the victim stops breathing and dies. Examples: cyanide.

  12. العوامل الخانقة (CHOKING AGENTS) These agents attack the respiratory system (nose-throat – the lungs) they build up in the body by filling fluids in the lungs and eventually can lead to death due to suffocation . Breathing of these agents can cause burning of throat, vomiting, coughing, respiratory and circulatory failure.

  13. عوامل الاعصاب (NERVE AGENTS) It is one of the most dangerous types of toxic chemicals that attacks the central nervous system of the body, that leads to muscle spasms that affect all body functions. It is colorless and odorless and tasteless. The symptoms are tightness in the chest, blur sight , vomiting, sudden loss of consciousness and difficulty in breathing and thus cardiac arrest. it takes 1-15 minutes in serious cases

  14. Biological weapons Living organisms like viruses, bacteria, toxins etc, that cause diseases in other organisms such as humans, animals and plants, that can lead eventually to death on different material type and its impact. Ways of entering the body through:-eye, respiratory system, injection, mouth, skin. Symptoms can take from hours to years to appear on the person. Example: anthrax, Ebola

  15. Radiological materials Substance that contains unstable atom that gives radiation, radiation is divided into 3 types: Alpha radiation: nuclides that can be stopped by a sheet of plain paper (not so dangerous) examples: helium(He) Βeta radiation: either electrons or protons that has more energy and need a sheet of aluminum or glass for the arrest. Gamma radiation: the high energy photons with the speed of light that are very piercing, require a wall of cement or lead to arrest.

  16. Kingdom of Bahrain has been characterized in many various plants which contain many types of chemical materials used in the manufacturing process which is sold in domestic market or exported abroad. Many companies were counted and warehouses in the Kingdom, dividing it into three categories: * Highly flammable materials, number 245 warehouse. * Explosive material or manufacture explosives and number 33 warehouse. * Manufacture of chemical weapons materials, number 9 warehouse.

  17. Hazmat team * The group includes 16 individual. * Divided teams by age , English language and specific disease. * Familiarized and marked all team members on all equipments and devices used in hazardous materials * A daily work sheet for every team at the weekend. * Theoretical education (lectures) in charge has been assigned. * Appointed in charge of sports. * Team members are tested monthly short theory tests. * Team members are tested practically monthly to ensure their ability process tests.

  18. Civil Defense Work stages • Precaution Stage: a. Following all the rules, regulations and law. b. Analyzing the accident (Natural or Man-made). c. Getting ready to face the risks. • Preparation Stage: a. Providing necessary equipment. b. Cooperation between companies and Civil Defense to make an emergency plan. c. Practicing the plan by testing its effectiveness. d. Training of Civil Defense (hazmat) and also the team involved in the emergency plan.

  19. Response stage: a. Facing the risk and carrying out all Civil defense work stage and activities of the emergency plan. • Normal Stage: a. Returning the environment of the incident place to its original form.

  20. Equipment and Strategy of Hazmat Team The contaminated area is divided into three sections: 1) First section: Hot zone contains detection and Investigation team and the rescue team and the sampling team. 2) Second section: Warm zone injured a cleansing (DECON) team, equipment and hot zone team in addition Medical group. 3) Third section : Cold zone ambulances, the wounded and the command and control room in addition to the media

  21. Equipment and Strategy of Hazmat Team At the place of incident the following strategy is laid out: • Dividing the incident according to three zones, hot zone, warm zone, cold zone. • Personal Protective Equipment (PPE): a. Level A suit: A fully packed suit with Breathing Apparatus used for unknown substances. b. Level B suit: Suit with lower protection than level A suit which includes carbon and is not good for liquid substances. c. Level C suit : the lowest protection made with rubber used in warm zone.

  22. Cordon the area, analyze the hazardous material. • Evacuation. • Control of leakage • Taking care of the injured • Decontamination.

  23. Scenarios and Exercises done by Hazmat team

  24. King Fahd causeway exercise

  25. King Fahd causeway exercise

  26. Mina KhalifaExercise on a container carrying radioactive material

  27. Radio active material exercise

  28. Chemical spill exercise in civil defense school

  29. ADVICE • Evacuate the contaminated area. • Do not touch any suspected materials. • Move up mind to a higher place. • Use wet cloth to cover your mouth and nose. • Stay calm, do not panic, breathe steadily until you leave the danger zone. • Do not walk slowly in case of chemical cloud(fumes) because the chemical agents are heavier than air. • Remove any contaminated clothing and wash the boidy thoroughly (5 to 15 mins) • Close any ventilation system in your area(including windows and doors). • Do not eat or drink anything possibly exposed to contamination. • Ask for medical help

  30. Thanks for your attendance

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