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Mutations

Genetic mutations are changes in the DNA sequence that occur at random and can impact any organism. These mutations can result from various mutagens like UV radiation and smoking. There are different types of mutations, including point mutations, where a single base pair is altered, and frameshift mutations, which involve the addition or deletion of bases. Mutations can affect amino acids, potentially altering protein functions. It's crucial to understand how these genetic changes occur during cell division processes like meiosis and mitosis to comprehend their implications on heredity and evolution. **Relevant

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Mutations

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  1. Mutations

  2. Genetic Mutations •  Any mistake or change in the DNA base sequence • is a and occur at random. •  Any organism that is affected by a mutation • is called a • Any substance or agent that causes a • mutation is a • Ex: UV radiation, smoking, mutation mutant mutagen

  3. Types of Mutations

  4. Mutations Gene Point single • 1. mutation = a change in a base pair. • DNA (normal) AGG TGC CCT GGT TTA • DNA (mutated) AGG TCC CCT GGT TTA • Which amino acid was mutated? ______ • Threonine was changed to • Results in a change in a single _______ _______.

  5. Gene Mutations Point single • 1. mutation = a change in a base pair. • DNA (normal) AGG TGC CCT GGT TTA • DNA (mutated) AGG TCC CCT GGT TTA • Which amino acid was mutated? ______ • Threonine was changed to . • Results in a change in a single _______ _______. Second Arginine Amino acid

  6. Gene Mutations mutation: Occurs when a single base is or . DNA (normal) GGA TTG GAG TTA AGC DNA (mutated) GGA TTG GAG TAA GC Which type of mutation occurred? Which amino acid did it occur? __________ Frameshift deleted added

  7. Gene Mutations mutation: Occurs when a single base is or . DNA (normal) GGA TTG GAG TTA AGC DNA (mutated) GGA TTG GAG TAA GC Which type of mutation occurred? Which amino acid did it occur? ____________ Frameshift deleted added deletion 4th, T deleted

  8. Gene Mutations Frameshift mutation: Occurs when a single base is or . DNA (normal) AGT GTC TCG ATG GTA DNA (mutated) AGT GTC TCC GAT GGT A Which type of mutation occurred? Which amino acid did it occur? ___________ Results in a mutated from the point of addition or deletion. added deleted

  9. Gene Mutations Frameshift mutation: Occurs when a single base is or . DNA (normal) AGT GTC TCG ATG GTA DNA (mutated) AGT GTC TCC GAT GGT A Which type of mutation occurred? Which amino acid did it occur? ___________ Results in a mutated from the point of addition or deletion. added deleted addition 3rd, C added gene (protein)

  10. Mutations Chromosome meiosis mitosis Can occur during ________ or _________. Only mutations that occur during ,can be passed on to offspring. meiosis Deletion a. b. c. d. Duplication/ Addition Inversion Translocation

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