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CONTAMINANTS HEAVY METALS IN MINING AREAS MARMATO COLOMBIA

CONTAMINANTS HEAVY METALS IN MINING AREAS MARMATO COLOMBIA. Gloria Prieto Chemist - Msc- PhD. Pollutants associated with living and non-living O.M. Decay. Living Biomass. Heavy metals Org. Micro-pullutants. O.M. Humic/fulvics. Solubilization. Dissolved O.M. Humic and Fulvics.

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CONTAMINANTS HEAVY METALS IN MINING AREAS MARMATO COLOMBIA

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  1. CONTAMINANTS HEAVY METALS IN MINING AREAS MARMATO COLOMBIA Gloria Prieto Chemist - Msc- PhD

  2. Pollutants associated with living and non-living O.M Decay Living Biomass Heavy metals Org. Micro-pullutants O.M. Humic/fulvics Solubilization Dissolved O.M. Humic and Fulvics Mobilization of pollutants by dissolved O.M. Dissolved O.M. Non -Humics 1 - Leaching to ground & surface water

  3. Human activities Atmosferic CO2 Photosynthesis Living biomass decay input uptake decay SOM Heavy Metals input Adsorption Humic subst. nonhumic subst. Adsorbed at minerals Desorption Dissolved outgassing of CO2 uptake of organic carbon humification slow decomposition fast decomposition Soil parent material leaching leaching Ground and surface waters

  4. Deposition, adsorbed metals transformed to sulfides Deposition, adsorbed metals transformed to sulfides Erosion, oxidation sulfides, release of metals followed by Partial Adsorption Reduced coastal sediments, metals present as sulfides Decrease in metal concentrations in coastal sed. through cycling process of erosion and deposition

  5. capacity controling properties Driving Forces non-Linear Release Geo-Bio- Accumulation Master Variables S N C Fe, Mn, Ca Cycle pH Redox O.M. EC Micro Pollutants Organic Matrix Short term Long term

  6. 2 - EARTH CRUST MINERAL DEPOSITS MINING SMELTING SOCIETY USE RESIDUES LAND RESIDUES DEP, SEDIMENTS, SOILS, WATERS

  7. dissolved organic complexes dissolved Inorganic complexes free metal precipitates and co- precipitates adsorbates

  8. Organic surface Mineral surface Free Ion Organic complexes Inorganic complexes Precipitate Oclusion Living Biomass

  9. INGEOMINAS - G. Prieto, 1998 SOIL OCEANIC SEDIMENT RAIN AIR RIVER WATER SEA WATER ESTUARINE WATER FLUVIAL SEDIMENT ESTUARINE SEDIMENT Movement of trace metals in the hydrological cycle (Salomons, Förstner, 1984)

  10. INGEOMINAS - G. Prieto, 1998 AQUATIC STUDIES MAN VEGETATION SUSPENDED MATTER GROUND WATER SOIL SURFACE WATER BIOTA SEDIMENT INTERSTITIAL WATER TERRESTRIAL STUDIES Schematic presentation of metal reservoirs and their interaction in aquatic and terrestrial systems (Salomon, Förstner, 1984)

  11. INGEOMINAS - G. Prieto, 1998 • Ions or inorganic/organic • compounds in solution • Exchangeable ions in • organic or inorganic • exchange complexes • (e.g. Humic mayerials • and clay perticles) • Complexes or chelates • with organic materials • Precipitated insoluble • compounds and • coprecipitated on solids • Incorporated in solid • biological materials • Incorporated in the • crystalline structures • of primary and/or • secondary minerals Easily available Avalaible Less available Available only altered chemical conditions Available only after decomposition Available only after weathering Pasive/active bonding to the cell walls/ surfaces, translocation inside cell/body Ingestion as “food”, passage throughout digestive system, adsorption and incorporation into tissues/organs Metal pool Excretion of metal forms both in the liquid and solid forms Aquatic organisms Excretion of complexants Leaching and decay Feed-back mechanisms Availability of metal forms for biological uptake (Solomons, Förstner, 1984) (After Baudo 1982, reproduced with permission of the Author)

  12. INGEOMINAS, G.Prieto, 1998 Factors Influencing the Toxicity of Heavy Metals in Solution (Bryan, 1976) Ion complex ion chelate ion molecule Form of metal in water Inorganic organic soluble particulate Colloidal precipitated adsorbed Joint action no interaction antagonism More-than-additive additive less-than-additive Presence of other metals or poisons Temperature pH dissolved oxygen light salinity Factors influencing physiology of organisms and possibly form of metal in water Stage in life history (egg, larva, etc.) changes in life cycle (e.g. Moulting reproduction) age and size sex starvation activity additional protection (e.g. shell) adaptation to metals Condition of organism Behavioral response Altered behavior

  13. INGEOMINAS, G.Prieto, 1988) Minerals of natural rock debris e.g. heavy minerals Metal bonding predominantly in inert positions • Heavy metal • hydroxides • carbonates • sulfides Precipitation as a result of exceeding the solubility product in the area of the water course Hydroxides and oxides of Fe/Mn pH - dependant Physico-sorption Chemical sorption (exchange of H+ in fixed positions) Coprecipitation as a result of exceeding solubility product pH - dependant Physico-sorption Chemical sorption (exchange of H+ in COOH-, OH- groups) Complexes Bitumen, lipids Humic substances Residual organics pH - dependant Calcium carbonate Physico-sorption Pseudomorphosis (dependent on supply and time) Coprecipitation (incorporation by exceeding the solubility product) Carrier Substances and Mechanisms of Heavy Metal Bonding (Forstner & Patchineelam,1976)

  14. INGEOMINAS - G. Prieto, 1998 IRON MANGANESE HIGH MOLECUALR WEIGHT ORGANICS INORGANIC LIGANDS LOW MOLECULAR WEIGHT ORGANIC LIGANDS METAL (IN)ORGANIC COMPLEXES METAL COLOID COMPLEXES METALS n+ Coatings Sorption Sorption Sorption Sorption SUSPENDED MATTER (particulate metal speciation) Sedimentation Resuspension DEPOSITED SEDIMENTS Ageing effects, redistribution of trace metals over sedimentary phases Release of components to the interstitial waters Summary of major processes and mechanisms in the interactions between disolved an solid metals species in surface waters(Salomons, Förstner, 1984)

  15. INGEOMINAS, G. Prieto, 1998 Routes of metals pollutants into the environment (Nisbet and Sarofin in Goldberg 19769) incineration smeltging exhaust AIR evapotranspiration wind erotion land aplication of sewage sludge fallout TERRESTRIAL SYSTEMS leaching erosion biota flux Leaks effluents irrigation FRESH WATER river flow biota flux dumping dredging ESTUARIES Biota flux mixing OCEAN

  16. INGEOMINAS - G. Prieto, 1998 Geochemical Engineering Atmosphere Water Sediment/Soil Mineral Ore Magma/Rock Environmental Geochemistry Mineral Exploration Waste Materials Products Production Raw Materials Geochemistry Applied Technology Geochemistry Economics New Developments in Environmental Geochemistry(Salomons, Förstner. Mader, 1995)

  17. 3- MARMATO- COLOMBIA

  18. SAMPLING

  19. SAMPLING

  20. GEOLOGY

  21. PROCESS

  22. CONCLUSIONS

  23. CONCLUSIONS

  24. CONCLUSIONS

  25. CONCLUSIONS

  26. CONCLUSIONS

  27. CONCLUSIONS

  28. 4 - COLOMBIA HEAVY METALS HEALTH CONCERN LIVING ORGANISMS

  29. 4 - COLOMBIA HEAVY METALS SOURCES DISPERSION FATE

  30. 4 - COLOMBIA KNOWLEDGE - RESEARCH HEAVY METALS EDUCATION

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