Understanding the Respiratory System: Structures, Functions, and Processes

1. Principles of Health Science Day 1 Respiratory System

2. Thought for the Day & Warm-up List at least 4 structures of the respiratory system Thought for the Day… Warm-up http://padlet.com/wall/CHSHS13

3. Agenda • Objective: The student will be able to describe the structures, function and process of respiration. • Quiz 5- Monday, Apr 21st, 2014 • Respiratory System

4. Respiratory System • Takes oxygen in and removes carbon dioxide • Consists of the lungs and air passages (continues)

5. Structures of the Respiratory System • A. Nose/Nostrils • Opening where air enters • B. Nasal Cavity • Hollow space in the nose lined with mucous membranes • As air enters, it is warmed, filtered, & moistened • Cilia (tiny hair-like structures) trap dirt/particles • C. Sinuses • Cavities in the skull which also warm/moisten the air • Help in voice resonance

6. Structures of the Respiratory System • D. Pharynx • Throat • Helps carry air to the lungs & food to the stomach • Epiglottis (cartilage flap) prevents food from entering the respiratory tract • E. Larynx • Voicebox • Vocal cords vibrate to produce speech when air exits the lungs • F. Trachea • Windpipe • Tube from the larynx to the chest

7. Structures of the Respiratory System • G. Bronchus/Bronchi • Lower end of the trachea that divides to connect to the lungs • H. Bronchiole • Lower/smaller bronchi within the lungs • I. Alveoli • Cluster of thin-walled sacs surrounded by capillaries that exchange oxygen and carbon dioxide

8. Structures of the Respiratory System • J. Lungs • Organs of respiration • Right lung has 3 lobes (sections) • Left lung is smaller & has 2 lobes (sections) • K. Diaphragm • Muscle that makes breathing possible

9. Respiratory Structures Practice • Use these key terms to label your heart diagram. • Please USE A PENCIL! • Alveoli • Bronchiole • Bronchus • Diaphragm • Larynx • Left Lung • Nasal Cavity • Nose • Pharynx • Right Lung • Sinuses • Trachea

10. Respiratory Structures • A. Sinuses • B. Nose • C. Larynx • D. Right lung • E. Bronchus • F. Diaphragm • G. Alveoli • H. Bronchiole • I. Left lung • J. Trachea • K. Pharynx • L. Nasal cavity

11. Ventilation: Process of Breathing • Inspiration • Inhalation • Diaphragm contracts • moves down • Rib muscles contract • Rib cage expands

12. Ventilation: Process of Breathing • Expiration • exhalation • Diaphragm relaxes • moves up • Rib muscles relax • Rib cage gets smaller

13. Respiration • External Respiration • Exchange of carbon dioxide & oxygen between the lungs and blood stream • Internal Respiration • Exchange of carbon dioxide & oxygen between the tissue cells and blood stream

14. Diseases and Abnormal Conditions • Asthma • Narrowed bronchioles caused by spasms/swelling (triggered by allergies or exercise) • Bronchitis • Inflammation (swelling) of the bronchial tubes (caused by infection)

15. Diseases and Abnormal Conditions • Emphysema • Walls of alveoli deteriorate and lose their elasticity • Epistaxis • nosebleed

16. Diseases and Abnormal Conditions • Influenza—flu • Viral infection • Laryngitis • Inflammation of the voicebox

17. Diseases and Abnormal Conditions • Lung Cancer • Abnormal cell growth found mainly in the lungs of smokers • Pneumonia • Lung infection of the alveoli (continues)

18. Diseases and Abnormal Conditions • Rhinitis • Inflammation of the nasal mucous membranes • Sinusitis • Inflammation of the mucous membranes in the sinuses

19. Diseases and Abnormal Conditions • Tuberculosis (TB) • Infectious bacterial lung disease where lesions form in the lungs that can spread • Highly contagious

20. Activity • Create a travel brochure of the respiratory system (& cardiovascular). • Start from the beginning as air enters through the nose • Describe what happens as air travels through each of the respiratory structures (use #2 A-I) • Provide the STRUCTURE and FUNCTION of each! • Describe the actions of the diaphragm and rib muscles during • Inspiration • Expiration • Describe • How the Pulmonary Veins and Pulmonary Arteries relate to external respiration • How arteries, veins, & capillaries relate to internal respiration • Include at least 3 colored drawings relevant to what you are describing. • You may use the textbook as a reference. • This is DUE at the END of CLASS

21. Review & Looking Ahead… • Discussed: The structures, function and process of respiration. • Next class topic: Describe the function and process of respiration. • Quiz 5- Monday, Apr 21st, 2014 • Respiratory System

22. Activity • Create a travel brochure of the respiratory system. • Start from the beginning as air enters through the nose • Describe what happens as air travels through each of the respiratory structures (use #2 A-I in that order) • Provide the STRUCTURE and FUNCTION of each! • Describe the actions of the diaphragm and rib muscles during • Inspiration • Expiration • Describe • How the Pulmonary Veins and Pulmonary Arteries relate to external respiration • How arteries, veins, & capillaries relate to internal respiration • Include at least 3 colored drawings relevant to what you are describing. • You may use the textbook as a reference. • This is DUE at the END of CLASS

23. Principles of Health Science Day 2 Respiratory System

24. Thought for the Day & Warm-up How much air do you think your lungs can hold? Is the volume equivalent to a quart? Liter? Gallon? 2 gallons? Thought for the Day… Warm-up http://padlet.com/wall/CHSHS13

25. Agenda • Objective: The student will be able to describe the function and process of respiration. • Station Activities • Quiz 5- Monday, Apr 21st, 2014 • Respiratory System

26. Respiratory Rate Process of taking in oxygen and expelling carbon dioxide. • 1 inspiration + 1 expiration = 1 respiration (ventilation) • Put your hand on your chest or back to feel yourself inhale/exhale. • Count respirations for a full minute. • Normal Rate • At rest 12 – 20/min • What about during activity?

27. Lung Capacity • Lung capacity is the volume of air that can fill your lungs. • Vital capacity • the largest possible amount of air that can be exhaled after drawing a deep breath • Tidal volume • the amount of air taken in or expelled during normal breathing • Expiratory reserve • the amount of air that remains in the lungs after exhaling normally (it is the extra air that can be breathed out)

28. Respiratory Stations • Station #1: Diagnose the Disease/ Travel Brochure • Station #2: Respiratory Rate/ Travel Brochure • Station #3: Lung Capacity • Your group will have 20 minutes at each station. Be sure to record your findings on your individual packet. • You will turn in your packet and travel brochure at the end of class TODAY for a grade.

29. Activity • Create a travel brochure of the respiratory system. • Start from the beginning as air enters through the nose • Describe what happens as air travels through each of the respiratory structures in order (use #2 A-I) • Provide the STRUCTURE and FUNCTION of each! • Describe the actions of the diaphragm and rib muscles during • Inspiration • Expiration • Describe • How the Pulmonary Veins and Pulmonary Arteries relate to external respiration • How arteries, veins, & capillaries relate to internal respiration • Include at least 3 colored drawings relevant to what you are describing. • You may use the textbook as a reference. • This is DUE at the END of CLASS

30. Finishing Up: • You have 5 minutes to finish answering the packet questions. • When you are finished, take a tag • Write in your name & your Vital Capacity and stick it to the whiteboard along the appropriate measurement. • We will be able to compare our lung volumes amongst the class. • Turn in your packet and travel brochure to the blue basket when you are finished.

31. Station #1 Diagnose the Disease/Disorder • #1 Laryngitis • Vocal cords vibrate as air travels from the lungs • #2 Asthma • Bronchioles • #3 Emphysema • Alveoli lost elasticity • #4 Lung Cancer • Damage/trauma to lungs • #5 Sinusitis • Warms, moistens, filters air • #6 Influenza • Flu shot; strict hand-washing • #7 Epistaxis • Thrombocytes • #8 Rhinitis • Cilia • #9 Pneumonia • Alveoli filled with mucus • #10 Bronchitis • Infection vs. allergic response

32. Station #2 Respiratory Rate • #1 What is the average respiratory rate of your groups members at rest? After activity? • Refer to Worksheet • #2 Describe the reason why there is a change in rate from rest to activity? • During activity the muscles are more actively being used, so they demand more oxygen. Respiratory rate increases to increase the amount of oxygen in the body. • #3 Describe other situations that can affect respiratory rate. What makes you breathe faster? Slower? • Faster: stress, illness (asthma attack), adrenaline • Slower: sleeping, illness (brain damage)

33. Station #3 Lung Capacity • #1 Why is it important to measure 3 times and then get an average? • To get a more accurate measurement • #2 Which has the greatest volume? Why? • Vital Capacity, because you are filling your lungs on inspiration to fill the most volume on expiration. • #3 Compare your results. • Refer to worksheet • #4 Why do you think people have different lung volumes? • People are of different builds and have different sized chests. • #5 How might an athlete’s vital capacity compare to a non-athlete? • Athlete’s lungs are trained to be more efficient and take in more air to help them oxygenate their tissues.