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Exploring Socratic Philosophy: The Apology and Justice in Plato’s Republic

This review delves into critical themes from Plato's "The Apology of Socrates" and "The Republic." We analyze Socrates’ defense against accusations of impiety and corrupting youth, emphasizing his assertion that "the unexamined life is not worth living." Additionally, we explore Socratic paradoxes, particularly the need for philosopher-kings, and the principle of "one person, one art" in defining justice. The session also addresses Machiavelli’s "La Mandragola," discussing the conflict between law and personal desire, culminating in a comic resolution that reflects his political philosophy.

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Exploring Socratic Philosophy: The Apology and Justice in Plato’s Republic

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  1. PLSI/PHIL 333 • Political Philosophy/thought • midterm review • Spring 2012

  2. Plato’s, The Apology of Socrates • What is philosophy? • What is Socrates’ defense against the city? • Explain, “the unexamined life is not worth living.” • We discussed several accusations against the Socratic form of philosophy: 1) that it does not believe in the gods of the city, 2) that it corrupts the youth, and 3) that it is useless. Discuss two of these accusations and the manner by which Socrates refutes them.

  3. Plato’s Republic • In Book V of The Republic, Socrates discusses the three waves of paradox: 1) the equality of the sexes, 2) the communalization of the family, and 3) the philosopher-king. Select one of the these paradoxes, and 1) describe why, according to Socrates, it is a paradox, and 2) explain why it is necessary for a just society. • By founding the city in speech, the discussants define justice as the rule: one person, one art. Explain how, according to Socrates, this rule applies to both the governing of the city and the governing of one’s own soul.

  4. Plato’s Republic • In Book I, three views of justice are discussed and each is found to be lacking in intellectual/logical consistency. Later in The Republic, justice in the city is defined by the principle of: one person, one art. How, and in what sense, does this principle correct or advance the previous views of justice appearing in Book I?

  5. Machiavelli’sLa Mandragola • Law, morality, and established beliefs are at odds with private desire throughout La Mandragola. Discuss the comic resolution of this tension. How does this resolution reflect Machiavelli’s political philosophy?

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