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The Science of Life

The Science of Life. Biology bio = living or life -logy = the study of. Characteristics of Life . Cells All living things are composed of cells. Organization All living things are highly organized At the molecular and cellular level From atoms to organisms Energy Use

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The Science of Life

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  1. The Science of Life • Biology • bio = living or life • -logy = the study of

  2. Characteristics of Life • Cells • All living things are composed of cells. • Organization • All living things are highly organized • At the molecular and cellular level • From atoms to organisms • Energy Use • All living things use energy in a process called metabolism. • Sum of all the chemical processes that occur in the organism

  3. Characteristics of Life • Homeostasis • All livings maintain stable internal conditions. • Example: water balance, temperature • Growth • All living things grow, as do many nonliving things. • Some nonliving things, like rock crystals, grow by accumulating more of the materials they are made of. • Living things grow by cell enlargement and cell division.

  4. Characteristics of Life • Reproduction • All species of organisms have the ability to reproduce. • Change Through Time • Populations of living organisms evolve through time • Importance: without change a specie is prone to becoming extinct.

  5. Biology- Classification • Three Domains of Life • Bacteria, Archaea, Eukarya • Six Kingdoms • Eubacteria • Archaebacteria • Protista • Fungi • Plantae • Animalia

  6. Scientific Method • Observation (Identify a problem) • Research the problem • Form a hypothesis

  7. Scientific Method (3) Hypothesizing (a) Hypothesis is a suggested explanation for what has been seen and recorded, it explains your observations and can be tested. (b) Very important step (4) Predicting * To test a hypothesis, scientists make a prediction that logically follows from the hypothesis. *A prediction is a statement made in advance that states the results that will be obtained from testing a hypothesis, if the hypothesis is supported. *Most often takes the form of an “if-then” statement.

  8. Scientific Method (5) Experimenting (a) the process of testing a hypothesis or prediction by gathering data under controlled conditions. (b) Controlled experiment * based on a comparison of a control group with an experimental group the control group and the experimental group are designed to be identical except for one factor.

  9. Scientific Method  Independent variable is the one factor. + horizontal (X) axis  Dependent variable is measured or observed in both control and experimental groups. Dependent because it is driven by or results from the independent variable. +vertical (Y) axis (c) Analyzing Data (6) Drawing conclusions (a) Modeling- Visual, verbal, or mathematical (b) Inferring- a conclusion made on the basis of facts or premises rather than on direct observations.

  10. Scientific Method (c) Forming a Theory- a broad and comprehensive statement of what is thought to be true. Supported by considerable evidence and may tie together several related hypotheses.

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