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Skeletal System

Learn about the skeletal system, including bones, joints, and bone repair. Explore the different types of bones and common diseases.

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Skeletal System

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  1. Skeletal System Dr. NicholsCoronado HS

  2. Foot phalangies metatarsals tarsals tarsals metatarsals phalangies

  3. Bone cells that aid in remodeling Osteoblast Builds new bone Mature bone cell Osteocyte Osteoclast Eats bone

  4. 29 40 84 92 Osteoporosis

  5. Fetal Skull

  6. suture pubis symphisis Fibrous Joints Immovable Joints (synarthrosis)

  7. Cartilagenous Joints Slightly Movable Joint (ampharthrosis)

  8. pelvis ligaments femur Synovial Joints (diarthrosis)- freely moveable

  9. joint capsule pelvis hyaline cartilage synovial cavity femur Synovial Joints

  10. Knee Joint

  11. Synovial Joint Movement Extension Rotation Flexion Adduction Abduction

  12. Fetal Skeleton 275 bones12 weeks (6-9 inches long)

  13. Fetal Skull

  14. Fetus: 1st 2 months Endochondral Ossification 2o ossification center bone cartilage calcified cartilage Just before birth epiphyseal line epiphyseal plate Childhood Adult

  15. Bone cells that aid in remodeling Builds new bone Osteoblast Mature bone cell Osteocyte Osteoclast Eats bone

  16. Bone Repair: • Electrical stimulation of the fracture site: • Increases speed and completeness of healing • The e- stimulation inhibits PTH and slow osteoclasts down from reabsorbing bone 2. Ultrasound treatment: • Daily treatments reduce healing time of broken bones by 25-35% 3. Free vascular fibular graft technique: • Transplant fibula in arm • Gives good blood supply not available in other treatments 4. Bone substitutes: • Crushed bone from cadaver- but risk of HIV and hepatitis • Sea bone- coral • Artificial bone- ceramic

  17. Repair of Fractures hematoma callus bony callus bone remodeling

  18. 29 40 84 92 Osteoporosis

  19. Diseases of the Skeletal System: Rickets- vitamin D deficiency Osteomalacia- soft bones, inadequate mineralization in bones, lack of vitamin D Pagets Disease- spotty weakening in the bones, excessive and abnormal bone remodeling Rheumatoid arthritis- autoimmune reaction

  20. Types of Bones • Long Bones- metacarples, metatarsals, phelangies, humerus, ulna, radius, tibia, fibula • Short Bones- carpals, tarsals • Flat Bones- rib, scapula, skull, sternum • Irregular Bones- vertebrae, some facial bones • Sesamoid- patella

  21. Bone Classification

  22. Anatomy of a Long Bone spongy bone Proximal epiphysis compact bone Endosteum diaphysis epiphyseal line yellow marrow Sharpey’s fibers Distal epiphysis periosteum hyaline cartilage

  23. Axial Skeleton

  24. Appendicular Skeleton

  25. Axial Skeleton

  26. Axial Skeleton

  27. Axial Skeleton Posterior View

  28. Sinal Cavities Frontal Sinus Ethmoid Sinus Sphenoid Sinus Maxillary Sinus • Warm and moisten air • Lighten the skull • Enhance voice resonance

  29. Axial Skeleton The Vertebral Column Cervical Vertebrae(7) Thoracic Vertebrae(12) Lumbar Vertberae(5) Sacrum Coccyx

  30. Cervical Vertebrae

  31. Axial Skeleton The Thoracic Cage Sternum True Ribs(7) False Ribs(3) Floating Ribs(2)

  32. Axial Skeleton Sacrum & Coccyx

  33. Appendicular Skeleton Bones of the Pectoral Girdle

  34. Appendicular Skeleton Humerus Ulna Radius 8 Carpals 5 Metacarpals 14 Phalanges

  35. Humorus

  36. Ulna & Radius

  37. Hand Bones

  38. Appendicular Skeleton Pelvis

  39. Appendicular Skeleton Pelvis (lateral view) Ilium Acetabulum Obturator foramen Pubis Ischium Ischium

  40. Male vs Female Pelvis Female Pelvic Girdle Male Pelvic Girdle

  41. Appendicular Skeleton The Lower Limb (Legs) Femur Patella Tibia Fibula 7 Tarsals 5 Metatarsals 14 Phalanges

  42. Femur

  43. Patella

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