1. HEIGHT and Angle Fingerprint Scanner Height and Angle Study Mary Theofanos Brian Stanton Ross Micheals Charles Sheppard Karen Marshall Nien-Fan Zhang John Wydler Larry Nadel(Noblis) Willie Rubin (Noblis)

2. Question Given current surface heights, what is the “best” angle?

3. Experimental Design • 4 Angles • 0° • 10° • 20° • 30° • Slap Order • Right Slap, Right Thumb, Left Slap, Left Thumb, Both Thumbs • Left Slap, Left Thumb, Right Slap, Right Thumb, Both Thumbs • 3 Heights • 39” • 45” • 49” 49” 45” 39”

4. Experimental Design • One person gets one height • Each person gets every angle (counter balanced) • Right/Left start Randomly Selected 49” 45” 39”

5. Equipment Adjustable Table Angle Adjustment

6. Data 12 prints/angle × 4 angles = 48 prints/height × 20 people (120 people total) = 960 prints per height × 3 heights = 2,880 prints/scanner × 2 scanners = 5,760 total prints

7. Question Given current surface heights, what is the “best” angle? • Best = • Efficient —Timing — Time to complete task • Effective — Quality — How good were the prints • Satisfaction — Comfort — Questionnaire

8. Demographics

9. Participants • Scanner B • 60 participants • 20 for each Height • 27 women and 33 men • Age ranged from 17 to 76 • Scanner A • 66 participants • 22 for each height • 31 women and 35 men • Age ranged from 17 to 73

10. Heights with shoes Our mean height (with shoes)Scanner A Men = 5’ 10” Women = 5’ 5” Scanner B Men = 5’ 9” Women = 5’ 6” CDC mean height for men 5’ 9” mean height for women 5’ 3”

11. Handedness • Scanner B • 80% right handed • 20 % left or ambidextrous • Scanner A • 88% right handed • 12% left or ambidextrous (literature states 87% of general population is right handed and remaining 13% is left and ambidextrous)

12. Preferred Starting Hand • Scanner A • 79 % preferred to start with right hand • 21 % preferred to start with left hand • Scanner B • 82 % preferred to start with right hand • 19 % preferred to start with left hand

13. Efficiency Timing

14. Scanner A Timing Opportunity (“please place your hand on the scanner”) Participant presents Attempt starts System starts capture System Capture Attempt System ends capture (“Please remove hand from scanner”) Attempt ends Participant Next attempt (acceptable attempt) Capture thresholding Time

15. Scanner B Timing Opportunity (“please place your hand on the scanner”) Participant presents Attempt starts System Capture Attempt System ends Attempt (“Please remove hand from scanner”) Attempt ends Participant Next attempt (acceptable attempt) Capture thresholding Time

16. Timing — Median Times per Slap Scanner A

17. Timing — Median Times per Slap Scanner B

18. Timing • No significant affect due to angle or height

19. Timing — Mean Times Scanner A

20. Timing — Mean Times Scanner B

21. Effectiveness Quality

22. Quality Measures • NIST Fingerprint Imaging Software • Segmentation • Image Quality

23. Quality Analysis - Angle • Three levels of analysis • Slap NFIQ (Composite score for a slap) — Medians • Individual finger NFIQ — Medians • Individual finger NFIQ frequencies

24. Slap NFIQ for Angles (Composite score for a slap) — Medians Angle is not significant

25. Individual Finger NFIQ for Angles— Medians Angle is not significant

26. Individual Finger NFIQ Frequencies — Angles Angle is not significant

27. Quality Results • No significant affect due to angle

28. Quality Analysis - Height • Three levels of analysis • Slap NFIQ (Composite score for a slap) — Medians • Individual finger NFIQ — Medians • Individual finger NFIQ frequencies

29. Scanner A Slap NFIQ for Height (Composite score for a slap) — Medians Height is significant

30. Scanner B Slap NFIQ for Height (Composite score for a slap) — Medians Height is significant

31. Scanner A Individual Finger NFIQ for Height — Medians

32. Scanner B Individual Finger NFIQ for Height — Medians

33. Scanner A Individual Finger Frequencies — Height

34. Scanner A Individual Finger Frequencies — Height

35. Slap NFIQ — Counter Height • Significant differences among counter height • Mixed results between scanners

36. US visit quality scoring. NFIQ 1 or 2 NFIQ 1 or 2 or 3

37. US visit quality scoring.

38. satisfaction Most and Least Comfortable Angle

39. Scanner A Most Comfortable Angles • At49” : • 64 % preferred 30°

40. Scanner B Most Comfortable Angle • 39” Preferred: • 10 % for 0° or 10° • 25 % for 20° • 55 % for 30° • 49” Preferred: • 10 % for 0° or 10° • 20 % for 20° • 55 % for 30° • 5 % no preference

41. Most Comfortable Angle

42. Scanner A Least Comfortable Angles • 39” Least Comfortable: • 50 % for 0° • 32 % for 30° • 9 % for 20° • 5 % for 10° • 45” Least Comfortable: • 68 % for 0° • 32 % for 30° • 49” Least Comfortable : • 68 % for 0° • 32 % for 30°

43. Scanner B Least Comfortable Angle • 39” Least Comfortable: • 50 % for 0° • 15 % for 10° • 5 % for 20° • 30 % for 30 ° • 45” Least Comfortable: • 70 % for 0° • 30 % for 30° • 49” Least Comfortable • 80 % for 0° • 20 % for 30°

44. Least Comfortable Angle

45. satisfaction Thumb Preference

46. Scanner A Thumb Preferences • 45” • 59 % preferred single thumbs • 23 % preferred both • 18 % did not indicate a preference • 49” • 82 % preferred single thumbs • 9 % preferred both • 9 % did not indicate a preference

47. Scanner B Thumb Preferences • 39” • 25 % preferred single thumbs • 60 % preferred both • 15 % did not indicate a preference

48. Thumb Preferences

49. Print Rotation

50. Thumb Rotation Scanner A Rotation is consistent across all heights and angles