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Limits and Fits 极限与配合

Limits and Fits 极限与配合. Parts interchangeability 零件的互换性 Basic concept of limits and fits 极限与配合的基本概念 Standard tolerance and basic deviation 标准公差与基本偏差 Fitting 配合 Marking limits and fits 极限与配合的标注方法 Exercises 练 习 题. 请点击相应标题显示其内容. Parts interchangeability 零件的互换性.

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Limits and Fits 极限与配合

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  1. Limits and Fits极限与配合 Parts interchangeability 零件的互换性 Basic concept of limits and fits 极限与配合的基本概念 Standard tolerance and basic deviation 标准公差与基本偏差 Fitting 配合 Marking limits and fits 极限与配合的标注方法 Exercises练 习 题 请点击相应标题显示其内容

  2. Parts interchangeability零件的互换性 • In modern production, it is required that randomly selected parts from the same lot shall be successfully mounted to the machine and fulfill their functions without repairing. Such a property is called the compatibility of parts. • 在现代化机械生产中, 要求制造出来的相同规格的零件, 不经挑选和修配, 任取一件就能顺利地装到机器上去, 并满足机器性能的要求, 零件的这种性能称为互换性。 • Limit and fits standards have been defined. Such standards ensure the compatibility and precision of parts. • 国家制定了极限与配合的标准, 这些标准保证了零件 • 的互换性和制造精度。 请点击相应部分显示其内容

  3. 50.005 Basic concept of limits and fits 极限与配合的基本概念 • Basic size Nominal size specified in design. • 基本尺寸设计时给定的尺寸; (如Φ50) Φ50.005 ES 0.005 (如Φ49.992) (2) Actual sizeThe size obtained by measuring; 实际尺寸制造后的实际尺寸; Φ50 Φ49.992 (3) Limit size The limit values of an allowed range that is the size of a part varies.极限尺寸允许实际尺寸变化的极限值; EI -0.008 (如:Φ50.005) Maximum limit size最大极限尺寸 Minimum limit size最小极限尺寸 (如:Φ49.992) (4) Size deviation Difference of a given size minus its basic size. 尺寸偏差极限尺寸与基本尺寸之差值; Upper deviation上偏差 ES孔/ es轴=最大极限尺寸-基本尺寸 Lower deviation下偏差EI孔/ ei轴=最小极限尺寸-基本尺寸 ES孔/ es轴 EI 孔/ ei轴 ei 0.008 (5) Size toleranceThe allowable range for size variation. 尺寸公差 允许实际尺寸的变动量。 es 0.005 Φ49.992 Φ50 Size tolerance=|Maximum limit size–Minimum limit size| |最大极限尺寸-最小极限尺寸| =| Upper deviation –Lower deviation | |上偏差 -下偏差| Φ50.005 请点击相应部分显示其内容

  4. Basic size基本尺寸 (6) Size tolerance zone In the tolerance zone diagram, an area bounded by the two lines represents the upper and lower deviation.尺寸公差带(简称公差带) 在公差带图中,由代表上、下偏差的两条直线所限定的一个区域 。 ES es Hole 孔公差带 + 0 ― Zeor line 零 线 Shaft 轴公差带 Standards specify that the size and location of the tolerance zone are determined separately, by the standard tolerance and basic deviation. 公差带的“大小”由“标准公差”确定, 公差带的“位置” 由“基本偏差”来确定。 请点击相应部分显示其内容

  5. Standard tolerance标准公差 尺寸公差大 尺寸精度高 Any tolerance specified in the limit standards and system of fits in GB/T 1800 series .Standard tolerance is represented with the ‘symbol IT’. The grade code of the tolerance is represented with numbers and there are 20 grade codes in total: IT01,IT0,IT1、IT2,…,IT18. In turn,total limit deviation falls from IT01 to IT18.标准公差是在GB/T 1800系列标准极限与配合制中规定的任一公差。标准公差用符号“IT”表示,数字表示公差等级,共有20个等级,IT01,IT0,IT1,IT2,…IT18。 • 017级用于精密量具; • 312级用于配合尺寸; • 1218级用于非配合尺寸 Example: The tolerance grade of the hole is IT7 and IT12 ,Φ16、Φ44、Φ104thetolerance value is:例如,公差级别为IT7和IT12时,Φ16、Φ44、Φ104的公差值分别为: 0.018mm 0.025mm 0.035mm IT7the tolerance value is IT7标准公差值为: IT12 the tolerance value is IT12标准公差值为: 0.25mm 0.35mm 0.18mm 请点击相应部分显示其内容

  6. Basicdeviation基本偏差 + 0 基本尺寸 + 0 基本尺寸 Basic deviation is the limit deviation that determines the tolerance zone‘s location relative to the zero line in the GB/T 1800 series’ standard limit and system of fits. 基本偏差是指在GB/T 1800系列标准极限与配合制中,确定公 差带相对于零线位置的那个极限偏差。孔、轴各有28个基本偏差: Hole 孔 EI ES ei es Shaft 轴 请点击相应部分显示其内容

  7. Fitting配合 (1)General concept of fitting and its types配合的基本概念及其种类 Fitting is the relationship between the matched hole and shaft with the same basic size.基本尺寸相同的、相互结合的孔与轴公差带 之间的关系称为配合。 请 点 击 相 应 部 分 显 示 其 内 容 1) Clearance FitFit with clearance (including minimum clearance zero). It is used where there is relative movement between the hole and shaft.间隙配合 具有间隙(包括最小间隙等于零)的配合。用于轴、 孔有相对运动处。 2) Interference FitFit with interference (Including minimum interference zero). It is used where there is no relative movement between the hole and shaft.过盈配合 具有过盈(包括最小过盈等于零)的配合。一般用于轴、孔无相对运动处。 3) Transition Fit Fit having clearance of interference. The tolerance zone of the hole overlaps that of the shaft. It is used where there is a high neutral requirement.过渡配合可能具有间隙或过盈的配合。孔的公差带与轴的公差带相互重叠,一般用于对中性要求较高处。

  8. + - 0 基本尺寸 (2) Reference system of fits配合的基准制: 1) Hole-based system of fit基孔制: A system formed by both the tolerance zone of the hole, with definite basic deviation, and that of the shaft, with different basic deviations.基本偏差为一定的孔的公差带与不同基本偏差的轴的公差带形成各种配合的一种制度。 The hole of the hole-based system is a basic hole, represented with H, the lower deviation of EI is zero. 基孔制的孔称为基准孔,用代号H表示,基准孔的下偏差EI=0。 基准孔公差带 ES0 H ah表示间隙配合; 配合性质: j、jsn表示过渡配合; pzc表示过盈配合。 请点击相应部分显示其内容

  9. + - 0 基本尺寸 2)Shaft-based system of fit基轴制: A system formed by both the tolerance zone of the shaft with definite basic deviation, and that of the hole with different basic deviations.基本偏差为 一定的轴的公差带与不同基本偏差的孔的公差带形成各种配合的一种制度。 The shaft of the shaft-based system is a basic shaft, represented with h, the upper deviation of which is zero. 基轴制的轴称为基准轴, 用代号h表示, 其上偏差 es = 0。 es=0 h 基准轴公差带 AH表示间隙配合; 配合性质: J、JSN表示过渡配合; PZC表示过盈配合。 请点击相应部分显示其内容

  10. (3) Principles of selecting a reference system基准制的选择原则: 1) The hole-based system is preferred. 一般情况下优先选用基孔制 2) The shaft-based system is used in the following situations: 基轴制用于以下三种情况 ①The shaft is made of cold drawing bar stocks without machining; 用冷拉棒料作轴,不需要再加工; ②The shafts of the same size form different fits with different holes; 同一基本尺寸的轴与几个孔组成不同的配合; ③ The fit between the external ring of the rolling bearing and the bearing housing adopts shaft-based system, for rolling bearing is a standard part. 滚动轴承的外圈与轴承座的配合采用基轴制。 (4) Principles of selecting a reference system优先、常用配合 The national standard indicated the general, common and preferred tolerance zones for shafts and holes.国家标准规定了一般、常用和优 先选用的孔、轴公差带以及相应的常用优先选用的配合。 Preferred hole basis fits, ordinary fits (基孔制优先、常用配合) Preferred shaft basis fits, ordinary fits (基轴制优先、常用配合) 请点击相应部分显示其内容

  11. Hole basic deviation codeIT code 孔的基本偏差代号 公差等级 Basic size 基本尺寸Shaft basic deviation code IT code 轴的基本偏差代号 公差等级 Basic size Tolerance zone code of the hole Tolerance zone code of the shaft 基本尺寸孔的公差带代号 轴的公差带代号 Marking limits and fits极限与配合的标注方法 (1) Marking in assembly drawings在装配图中的标注 Φ40 or 或 Φ40H8/f7 请点击相应部分显示其内容

  12. Basic size 基本尺寸 Basic size 基本尺寸 Tolerance zone code 公差带代号 Tolerance zone code 公差带代号 0的位置上下对齐 Upper deviation 上偏差值 Upper deviation 上偏差值 Basic size 基本尺寸 Lower deviation 下偏差值 Lower deviation 下偏差值 - 0.025 - 0.050 + 0.039 0 Marking limits and fits 极限与配合的标注方法 (2) Marking in the detail drawings在零件图中的标注 Φ40H8 Φ40f7 (用于大批量生产) 1) Marking code代号注法 : (用于单件小批量生产) 2) Marking values数值注法: Φ40 Φ40 + 0.039 0 - 0.025 - 0.050 (用于产量不定) 3) Comprehensive marking综合注法: Φ40H8 Φ40f7 请点击相应部分显示其内容

  13. + 0.025 0 - 0.025 - 0.050 3. The deviation of hole and shaft is: HoleФ 50ShaftФ 50 (1) Representation of fits (2) Reference system of fits andtypes. 已知孔和轴的上下偏差为Ф50 、 Ф50 (1)画出孔和轴的公差带图; (2)说明基准制及配合种类。 + 0.025 0 - 0.025 - 0.050 Exercises 练 习 题 1. Point out the reference system of fits and types of fitting, and marking tolerance on a detail drawing. 指出所采用的基准制和配合种类,并在零件图中标注公差尺寸。 (用于产量不定) 2. Find out the incorrectly mark and correct it in the brackets. 找出公差配合标注中的错误, 并将正确的注法写在括号内。 4. Graphical representation of fits,andcomplete the table for holes and shafts sizes, basic size is 15 and 55. 画出孔和轴的公差带图,并将基本尺寸为15mm、55mm的孔和轴 的公差数值填入表中。 请点击题目显示其内容

  14. 本 小 节 结 束 谢谢您的认真学习! 前一页

  15. 0 –0.021 Φ30 +0.033 0 1. Point out the reference system of fits and types of fitting, and marking tolerance on a detail drawing. 指出所采用的基准制和配合种类,并在零件图中标注公差尺寸。 (用于产量不定) (1) Reference system of fits基准制: Hole-based system 据基孔制优先的原 则, 应属于基孔制; Φ30h7 (2) Types of fitting 配合种类: Clearance fit 因孔公差带 H 的下偏差为0 而轴公差带 h 的上偏差为0, 公差带无重叠, 即最小间隙 为0, 故应属于间隙配合。 Φ30H8 请点击解答显示其内容

  16. (1) (4) +5 -0 Φ10 (2) (5) +43 Φ18 +0.046 0 (3) (6) Φ75 h8 H7 h6 H6 H7 H8 Φ20 Φ40 Φ30 Φ20 Φ30 Φ40 g7 g7 h7 M7 m7 H7 2. Find out the incorrectly mark and correct it in the brackets. 找出公差配合标注中的错误, 并将正确的注法写在括号内。 +0.005 0 Φ10 +0.043 0 Φ18 +0.046 0 Φ75 请点击解答显示其内容

  17. + 0.025 0 - 0.025 - 0.050 3 . The deviation of hole and shaft is已知孔和轴的上、下偏差为: Hole孔:Ф 50Shaft轴:Ф 50 (1)Graphical representation of fits画出孔和轴的公差带图; (2)Reference system of fits and types: ______________ ,_________ 。 填空:孔与轴的基准制是:_____________ 制,________配合。 Hole-basis system Clearance fit 基孔 间 隙 Hole Shaft Ф 50 请点击解答显示其内容

  18. H7-g6 H7 hole 孔 + - g6shaft轴 Ф Basic size 基本尺寸 Shaft 轴 Hole 孔 Basic size 基本尺寸 Basic size 基本尺寸 Max.sizeMin.size最大尺寸 最小尺寸 Max.sizeMin.size最大尺寸 最小尺寸 ESEI esei – + – 4. Graphical representation of fits,andcomplete the table for holes and shafts sizes, basic size is Ф15mm and Ф55mm. 画出孔和轴的公差带图,并将基本尺寸为Ф15mm、Ф55mm 的孔和轴的公差数值填入表中。 FIT 配合  Clearance(间隙配合) 10 0.015 0 10.015 10.000 10 0.005 0.014 9.995 9.986 15 0.018 0 15.018 15.000 15 0.006 0.017 14.994 14.983 0.030 0 55.030 55.000 55 0.010 0.029 54.990 54.971 55 请点击解答显示其内容

  19. Basic concept of limits and fits 极限与配合的基本概念

  20. Hole-based system of fit基孔制配合 Clearance 间隙配合 Transition 过渡配合 Interference 过盈配合 Basic hole 基准孔

  21. Shaft-based system of fit基轴制配合 Clearance 间隙配合 Transition 过渡配合 Interference 过盈配合 Basic shaft 基准轴

  22. Hole-based system of fit基孔制配合 套的内表面与轴采用基孔制的间隙配合 孔与套的外表面采用基孔制的过渡配合

  23. Shaft-based system of fit基轴制配合 滚动轴承外圈与轴承座的配合采用基轴制 同一根轴上有不同配合要求

  24. 注: H6、 H7 n5 p5 在基本尺寸小于或等于3mm时为过渡配合; H8 r7 在基本尺寸小于或等于100mm时为过渡配合; 粉色的配合为优先配合。 Principles of selecting a reference system优先、常用配合 Preferred hole basis fits, ordinary fits(基孔制优先、常用配合)

  25. Principles of selecting a reference system优先、常用配合 Preferred shaft basis fits, ordinary fits(基轴制优先、常用配合) 注: 粉色的配合为优先配合。

  26. Parts interchangeability零件的互换性 1867年美国收割机上的互换性零件

  27. Clearance Fit间隙配合

  28. Interference Fit 过盈配合

  29. TransitionFit 过渡配合

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