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Understanding Ohm’s Law and Electrical Power: A Comprehensive Overview

This presentation by K. Whitfield, from Fall 2009, explores the fundamental concepts of Ohm's Law and electrical power relevant to Physical Science. Key electrical quantities—Voltage, Current, Resistance, and Power—are dissected, with definitions, units, and variables for each. Ohm’s Law illustrates the direct and indirect relationships between voltage, current, and resistance. The presentation also covers the calculation of electrical power using the formula P=VI, enabling insight into how power is consumed in circuits. Sample problems further aid in understanding these principles.

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Understanding Ohm’s Law and Electrical Power: A Comprehensive Overview

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Presentation Transcript

  1. Ohm’s Law & Electrical Power Presented to Physical Science By K. Whitfield Fall 2009

  2. Four Important Electrical Quantities • Voltage • Current • Resistance • Power

  3. Voltage • Pushes electrons • Force-like • AKA potential difference • Unit: • Volt • Joule/coulomb • Variable: V

  4. Current • Rate of electron flow • How fast negative charges are moving • Unit • Ampere • AKA Amp • Coulomb/second • Variable: I

  5. Resistance • How much the substance resists the movement of electrons • The higher the resistance, the more difficult the electrons have getting through • Unit: Ohm • Variable: R or

  6. Resistance in Wire • Which type of wire has most resistance? • Long, hot, small diameter? • Short, cold, large diameter?

  7. Electrical Power • Rate of doing electrical work • Unit: • Watt • Joule/sec • Variable: P

  8. Ohm’s Law • Voltage varies directly with current. • The more voltage, the higher the current (if all other variables stay the same) • Resistance varies indirectly with current • The more resistance, the lower the current. • Dimmer switches

  9. Ohm’s Law Continued • Equation • I=V/R • V=RI • R=V/I

  10. Equation for Electrical Power • P=VI • Power=Voltage x Current • Can determine the amount of power in entire circuit or just the power used by one load • Unit • Watt=joule/sec • Volt x amp • Joul/coul x coul/sec

  11. Sample Problems

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