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Machines

Machines. Simple Machines. What is a Machine?. A device that helps us performs tasks. Designed to achieve at least one of the five main functions: Change energy from one form to another Hydroelectric plants convert falling water into electricity. Transfer forces

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Machines

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  1. Machines Simple Machines

  2. What is a Machine? • A device that helps us performs tasks. Designed to achieve at least one of the five main functions: • Change energy from one form to another • Hydroelectric plants convert falling water into electricity. • Transfer forces • Car’s transmission transfers energy from engine to wheels.

  3. Change the direction of a force • Raising a flag up a pole, using a pulley. • Change the magnitude of a force • Using pulleys to hoist an engine out of a car. • Change distance or speed • Bicycle gears

  4. Lever Family of Machines Fulcrum: A support around which a lever can rotate or pivot Lever: A rigid bar that rotates freely around a fulcrum. Consider the teeter-totter below:

  5. Lever dL= load arm dE= effort arm Fulcrum Load Force (FL ): The force exerted by the load on the lever (weight). Effort Force (FE ): A force applied to one end of the lever.

  6. Types of Levers • First Class Levers: A lever with the fulcrum between the load and the effort force. • Examples?? • Second Class Lever: A lever with the load between the fulcrum and the effort force. • Examples?? • Third Class Lever: A lever with the effort exerted between the fulcrum and the load. • Examples??

  7. Name the Type of Lever 2nd Class 1st Class 3rd Class

  8. Inclined Plane Family of Machines • Inclined Plane: A ramp that increases the load that can be raised by an effort force. • Stairs, ramps… • Wedge: A double inclined plane that increases the applied or effort force. • An axe… • Screw: An inclined plane wrapped around a central shaft that increases the applied or effort force.

  9. Compound Machine: A machine made up of two or more simple machines.

  10. Wheel & Axle

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